J Cardiovasc Surg
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Calcium dobesilate reduces oxidative stress in cardiac surgery.
Calcium dobesilate (CD) is a synthetic benzene sulfonate derivative and an angioprotective agent used orally. It can be used in patients who have diabetic retinopathy or chronic venous insufficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CD on the reduction of oxidative stress during coronary artery bypass graft operations on cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ The study suggests that pretreatment with CD alleviates malondialdehyde production and preserves endogenous antioxidant capacity during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of simvastatin on systemic inflammatory responses after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a complex systemic inflammatory response and the extent of their increase has been correlated with the development of postoperative complications. Recent studies suggest that treatment with statins is associated with a significant and marked decrease in inflammation-associated variables such as cytokines. Therefore, we investigated the effects of preoperative simvastatin treatment on systemic inflammatory response and perioperative morbidity after cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass, the administration of simvastatin doses not produce any changes in the inflammatory response as measured by the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and SIRS score, nor does it reduce the complications after cardiac surgery.
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Review
The influence of statins on the expansion rate and rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) have a prevalence between 1.3-8.9% in men and 1.0-2.2% in women aged above 55 years. Furthermore, AAA cause 1-3% of all deaths among men aged 65-85 years in developed countries. As the disorder is invariably associated with severe atherosclerotic damage of the arterial wall, it has traditionally been regarded as a direct consequence of generalized atherosclerotic disease. ⋯ In the current review article we provide an overview of all available literature on the effects of dyslipidemia, statin therapy and the risk of AAA expansion and rupture. In the first part we summarize all population-based studies that investigated the relation between hypercholesterolemia and the development of AAA. In the second part, the available literature regarding the effects of statins on aneurysm growth, expansion rate and the risk of rupture is summarized, including in vitro, animal and clinical human studies.
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Renal dysfunction is an important variable in the EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) model and is currently defined as creatinine >200 mmol/L. The aim of this study was to examine whether using other definitions of renal dysfunction could improve the predictive ability of the EuroSCORE. ⋯ The use of creatinine as a continuous variable or glomerular filtration rate as a categorical or continuous variable improves the predictive accuracy of the EuroSCORE model for hospital mortality. Given the increasing incidence of preoperative renal dysfunction and its impact on hospital mortality, future risk stratification models should include continuous creatinine or glomerular filtration rate rather than creatinine as a binary variable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized comparison between conventional hemofiltration and steroids.
Recent reports have shown anti-inflammatory effects with conventional hemofiltration (CUF) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunological and the hemodynamic response to CUF or metilprednisolone in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. ⋯ Anti-inflammatory action of CUF was comparable to steroids, thus determining a similar proinflammatory response to CPB. However, hemodynamics was slightly impaired by CUF. Therefore, there is no reason to prefer CUF to steroids in patients undergoing elective CABG.