Neurosurg Focus
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Stem cells are currently being studied for use in numerous clinical applications, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to cardiac insufficiency. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in spine surgery is also compelling, especially with the increasing age of the general population. In this review the authors discuss the use of MSCs for intervertebral disc repair and regeneration and for use in spinal arthrodesis procedures. Clearly, the routine use of cellular therapies by spine surgeons to improve outcome after a variety of surgical procedures is rapidly approaching.
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Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become a common alternative for managing hydrocephalus in select patients. Nevertheless, there is still controversy regarding the indications for ETV as the primary procedure, given its variable success rates. The purpose of this study is to review the authors' experience with ETV for a variety of patients. ⋯ The ETV procedure is an effective management tool for obstructive hydrocephalus in children. It should be considered the primary procedure, rather than ventriculoperitoneal shunts, in carefully selected children. The success rate is dependent on the origin of the hydrocephalus.