Minerva anestesiologica
-
A variety of drugs and techniques have been introduced into day surgery over recent years and, although the tide of development appears to have slowed, may of these will still be relatively new to many. Experience with the laryngeal mask continues to grow and it is now a firmly-established airway management tool in a wide variety of procedures. The cuffed oropharyngeal airway is an interesting recent arrival, but produces inferior airway control and is not a true alternative to the laryngeal mask. ⋯ The long-awaited "depth of anaesthesia" monitor may have arrived, offering the possibility of more finely titrated anaesthesia with earlier (but not intraoperative!) awakening. Reliability is as yet uncertain and a simple technique with spontaneous ventilation may achieve similar results at substantially lower cost. The relative place of all these developments will take several years to become apparent and the future remains interesting.
-
Regional anaesthesia is useful in day surgery when properly applied. Most commonly used techniques are IVRA, axillary block, local/infiltration plus monitored anaesthesia care. Spinal anaesthesia is also frequently used in DS. ⋯ The use of monitored anaesthesia care as an adjunct to RA increases patient acceptability and satisfaction with different blocks. In most cases there is less pain after operation if RA was used when compared to GA but control of pain is important at the time when the block wears off. Patient information and cooperation as well as timely discharge of patients home is important for successful RA in DS.
-
Minerva anestesiologica · Jun 1999
ReviewPresent and future options in continuous renal replacement therapies of sepsis and MOF.
Conventional continuous extracorporeal treatments such as hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration have not achieved significant reduction in cytokine plasma levels, in spite of their increasing popularity mainly related to the unnecessary fluid restriction thereby rendering adequate caloric intake possible (Actualités Nephrologiques, 1994). This is mainly due to reduced filtration, to saturability of the adsorption-related phenomena and to the absence of a convective mass transfer. New approaches have been more recently introduced. ⋯ These modalities that are based on plasma filtration with the use of different sorbents. The preliminary results obtained from ongoing clinical trials will be presented. We will also expand on the technical, biological and clinical aspects that should be addressed in order to establish a new modality as innovative in the treatment of sepsis.
-
Minerva anestesiologica · Jun 1999
Review[Therapeutic applications of hypothermia in intensive care].
A brief review about the effects of hypothermia is presented, with regards to the difference between accidental hypothermia and controlled mild hypothermia (Core temperature = 33-35 degrees C). Mild hypothermia does not seem to affect the cardiac performance, while recent experimental reports show potential protective effects on the cardiac muscle during acute infarction. Mild hypothermia improve the outcome of brain function after cardiac arrest and head injury, while experimental reports show a potential protective effect of local spinal cord cooling during ischemic injury. ⋯ In this setting a mild induced hypothermia potentially may decrease the side effects of therapeutic hypoventilation (permissive hypercapnia) both on haemodynamics and brain circulation. Preliminary data are presented about five ALI/ARDS patients, enclosed in a randomized trial, who were mechanically ventilated and cooled with an air-sheet: three patients died because of underlying disease and two patients survived with complete recovery. Mild controlled hypothermia seems to provide new interesting clinic uses.
-
Minerva anestesiologica · Jun 1999
ReviewInterventional neuroradiology. Recent developments and anaesthesiologic aspects.
To summarise recent developments in interventional neuroradiology (INR) and to discuss related anaesthesiologic considerations. ⋯ The role of the anaesthetist in INR consists in providing patient comfort by analgesia and sedation, adequate monitoring, maintenance of vital functions and (if required) the management of systemic heparinisation. The patient's underlying condition, the duration and the kind of intervention have to be considered to decide on the anaesthetic management. Most of the procedures can safely be performed under light sedation, which allows continuous neurological evaluation of the patient. Knowledge of the risks and hazards of the different procedures and close collaboration with the neuroradiologist form the basis for appropriate management in case of a potentially fatal ischaemic or haemorrhagic complication that may occur in 1 to 8% of interventions. For prompt control of airway, respiration and blood pressure in these emergencies experienced anaesthesia staff is required.