World Neurosurg
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NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is related to tumor cell multidrug resistance and proliferation. Here we studied the involvement of Nrf2 in the migration and invasion of human U251 glioma cells. ⋯ Nrf2 is involved in migration and invasion of U251 cells, which may be related to MMP9.
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Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) is a rare disease that causes vertebral abnormalities and short-trunk dwarfism. The two forms of SED are congenita and tarda. Each form arises in a genetically distinct fashion and manifests with a different set of complications. SED congenita is more severe, and patients usually display atlantoaxial instability and odontoid hypoplasia. Patients often have various neurologic deficits caused by compression of the spinal cord. The region most affected is the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). ⋯ In this article, the authors survey the current literature surrounding neurosurgical interventions and present an algorithm for treatment.
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Review Meta Analysis
Radiosurgery for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a review.
Radiosurgery for psychiatric disorders has been performed for more than 50 years. The use of deep brain stimulation has recently been expanded to the investigational treatment of specific psychiatric disorders. ⋯ The anatomic target localization, dose selection, and the outcome of the radiosurgical procedures were reviewed, and the evolutions of lesioning strategies were analyzed with particular emphasis on the dose selection. Large-scale prospective studies with strict inclusion and well-defined, objective outcome criteria are necessary for defining the role of radiosurgery for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.