World Neurosurg
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The dura mater can be easily biopsied during most cranial neurosurgical operations. We describe a protocol that allows for robust generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural progenitors from acutely harvested dura mater. ⋯ IPSCs and neural progenitor cells can be efficiently derived from the dura of patients who need to undergo cranial neurosurgical operations. IPSCs were obtained with a nonintegrating virus and exhibited a normal karyotype, making them candidates for future autotransplantation after targeted differentiation to treat functional deficits.
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Case Reports
An Intracranial Petri Dish? Formation of Abscess in Prior Large Stroke After Decompressive Hemicraniectomy.
Development of brain abscess after an infarction is a rare clinical condition. There have been 11 cases in the literature. Many patients were treated with potent antibiotics only and did not survive. We present 2 cases in which patients received aggressive surgical resection of brain abscess and survived. The analysis of the literature confirmed our finding that surgical intervention of brain abscess in patients after stroke is advisable. ⋯ Secondary abscess formation after significant ischemic stroke is a rare condition that carries potential for high morbidity/mortality. The limited body of literature with the addition of our 2 cases supports aggressive management with surgical evacuation of brain abscess to increase survival.
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Cavernomas frequently are associated with intractable epilepsy. When cavernomas located in the temporal lobe are associated with intractable epilepsy, the hippocampus also may have an epileptic focus. The objective in the present study was to clarify the importance of evaluation of the posterior hippocampal epileptogenicity during epilepsy surgery for posteromedial temporal lobe cavernoma. ⋯ The transoccipital approach enables the optimization of the extent of posterior hippocampectomy while avoiding unnecessary resection for seizure control. We suggest resecting the posterior part of the hippocampus in addition to the cavernoma and surrounding areas in patients with medically refractory epilepsy due to a posteromedial temporal cavernoma. Tailored systematic resection guided by intraoperative electrocorticography and electroencephalography with a depth electrode was important and necessary in the present cases.
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Craniotomy poses a risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the utility of anticoagulation in this patient population is unclear. We sought to identify risk factors predictive of VTE in patients undergoing craniotomy. ⋯ The risk of postoperative VTE after craniotomy can be quantified by a simple risk score, with increasing risk factors conferring increased risk of VTE. On the basis of risk scoring, a subset of patients who would benefit from anticoagulation post craniotomy may be identified.