World Neurosurg
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Case Reports
Subependymoma of the conus medullaris with cystic formation: Case report and a literature review.
Subependymoma in the spinal cord is very rare and usually occurs in the cervical cord. We report an exceptional case of subependymoma that occurred at the conus medullaris with cystic formation. This article reviews the literature on subependymoma in the conus medullaris; discusses its clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and differential diagnoses; and offers an opinion about the cystic formation of the subependymoma. ⋯ We present an extremely rare case of cystic formation in subependymoma at the conus medullaris. Subependymoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of intramedullary cystic lesions. The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and excessive extravasation may be potential mechanisms of cystic formation.
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Multicenter Study
Nomogram model for predicting hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage - multicenter retrospective study.
To establish a new nomogram model and provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. ⋯ This nomogram model could accurately predict hematoma expansion of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, which provided a theoretical basis for clinicians to intervene in the early stage.
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Review Case Reports
Presentation, Surgical Management, and Postoperative Outcome of a Fourth Ventricular Cavernous Malformation: Case Report and Review of Literature.
Brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) represent dangerous clinical entities associated with high rates of rebleeding and morbidity compared with those in other locations. Particularly rare are those located within the fourth ventricle. Although fourth ventricular CMs are favorable from a surgical standpoint, there are no defined guidelines on definitive indications and optimal timing of surgery. In addition, the surgical approaches, anatomic considerations, and general observations regarding these lesions are not well reported in the literature. ⋯ CMs of the fourth ventricle are rare clinical entities that can be treated successfully with surgery. The indications for surgery may not always be clear-cut; therefore, the neurosurgeon's decision to proceed with surgery must reside on a case-by-case basis using a multifactorial approach. The location of these lesions presents unique challenges given their proximity to vital structures and the technical difficulty required. For these reasons, the resection of these lesions often results in new or persistent neurologic deficits. However, despite the associated risks, the potential benefits of surgery oftentimes outweigh the risks of the alternative.
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The current data available to identify the factors associated with vertebral and carotid artery dissection in the trauma setting are conflicting, and further research is needed to accurately assess these predictors. ⋯ Positive neurological signs and the presence of cervical vertebral fractures are significant predictors for VAI. All trauma patients with cervical spine fractures and/or positive neurological findings should be considered for surveillance imaging with neck CTA and/or magnetic resonance angiography for vascular injury screening.
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Case Reports
Isolated Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare idiopathic benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes, predominantly affecting the lymph nodes. RDD can also present in extranodal tissues and is occasionally found within the central nervous system. ⋯ RDD should be considered as a differential diagnosis of dural-based lesions, more commonly meningiomas.