World Neurosurg
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Optimal outcomes after large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke are highly dependent on prompt diagnosis, effective communication, and treatment, making LVO an attractive avenue for the application of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML). Our objective is to conduct a systematic review to describe existing AI applications for LVO strokes, delineate its effectiveness, and identify areas for future AI applications in stroke treatment and prognostication. ⋯ AI has shown promise in the diagnosis and triage of patients with acute stroke. However, the role of AI in the management and prognostication remains limited and warrants further research to help in decision support.
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Review Meta Analysis
Baseline Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Use Following Spine Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of current retrospective cohort studies to identify significant preoperative risk factors for prolonged postoperative opioid use following spine surgery. ⋯ Several patient-level factors may play a role in the tendency to persistently use opioids after spine surgery. By preoperatively identifying these characteristics, clinicians may be better able to identify patients who are at risk and employ methods to mitigate potential long-term opioid use.
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The goal of this study was to examine neurosurgical scientific publications and change in the trends in major neurosurgical journals during the last 10 years. ⋯ Neurosurgical publications are continuously increasing, with a parallel growth in the number of authors and citations all over the world. There are significant differences in the scientometric indices of major neurosurgical journals based on their yearly articles published.
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Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) typify the delicate balance cerebrovascular specialists face in weighing the treatment risk against the natural history of a pathologic lesion. The goal of our review was to provide an overview of the current evidence for the treatment of cerebral AVMs and describe a contemporary approach to developing a treatment strategy according to individual AVM characteristics. ⋯ Microsurgical or multimodal treatment strategies are often required to achieve complete obliteration; however, it remains critical that each treatment approach is individualized by the specific AVM characteristics.
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In moyamoya disease, the progressive occlusion of the distal portion of the internal carotid artery and its major branches is typically responsible for the formation of an extensive network of collateral vessels at the base of the brain. When moyamoya collateral network develops in association with various systemic or acquired diseases, the term moyamoya syndrome is used to denote this phenomenon. ⋯ Once the diagnosis is established, the definitive treatment for moyamoya disease is surgical revascularization, with the goal of increasing cerebral blood flow and preventing recurrent stroke. We provide a comprehensive review of the clinical and radiologic features in moyamoya vasculopathy along with its surgical management.