World Neurosurg
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Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare cancer deriving from the olfactory mucosa. Among the basal or neural genomic subtypes, the basal subtype is associated with poorer survival, poor differentiation, and higher levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). The immune microenvironment of these ENB subtypes remains unclear. We used an established machine learning algorithm on ENB transcriptomic profiles. ⋯ Basal and neural subtypes display distinct TIIC involvement, which may impact their difference in outcome. These findings provide the framework for further investigation in novel immunomodulation strategies for ENB.
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Recent literature suggests that sagittal imbalance is a risk factor for adjacent segment disease following fusion surgery. This study explored the influence of pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch on the mid-term results and reoperation rate after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). ⋯ The mid-term results of L4-5 single-level PLIF were compared with and without PI-LL mismatch, with the threshold defined as 30°; however, there were no significant differences in both the Japanese Orthopaedic Association recovery and reoperation rates between the 2 groups.
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This paper aimed to describe the National Centre for Neurosurgery, the only specialized hospital in the treatment of neurological diseases in Kazakhstan and the leading neurosurgical hospital in Central Asia. ⋯ The National Centre for Neurosurgery has achieved remarkable progress in delivering patient-centered neurosurgical care, rehabilitation programs, and innovative treatments, supported by state funding, benefitting patients across Central Asia.
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People worldwide have been affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was the fifth pandemic after the 1918 flu pandemic. People have had their sense of normality torn apart, and these changes have taken a toll on their mental health.