Bmc Infect Dis
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Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has decreased in South Korea, the mortality rate remains high. TB mortality is a key indicator for TB control interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess early and TB-related mortality during anti-TB treatment and describe the associated clinical characteristics. ⋯ A high proportion of TB death was observed in elderly patients and attributed to non-TB-related causes. Many TB-related deaths occurred during the intensive phase, particularly within the first month. Further studies identifying risk factors for different causes of TB death at different phases of anti-TB treatment are warranted for early targeted intervention in order to reduce TB mortality.
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Plasmodium vivax transmission in West Africa, dominant for the Duffy-negative blood group, has been increasingly recognized from both local residents as well as international travelers who contracted P. vivax malaria there. However, the relapsing pattern and sensitivity to antimalarial treatment of P. vivax strains originated from this region are largely unknown. There is evidence that the efficacy of primaquine for radical cure of relapsing malaria depends on host factors such as the hepatic enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. ⋯ This clinical case suggests that P. vivax malaria originating from West Africa may produce multiple relapses extending beyond one year. The failures of primaquine as an anti-relapse therapy may be attributed to the patient's impaired metabolizer phenotype of the CYP2D6. This highlights the importance of knowing the host G6PD and CYP2D6 activities for effective radical cure of relapsing malaria by primaquine.
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Observational Study
Clinical and microbiological characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired sepsis among adults: a single center, 1-year retrospective observational cohort study from Hungary.
Community-acquired sepsis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, which starts within ≤72 h of hospital admittance in an infected patient without recent exposure to healthcare risks. Our aim was to evaluate the characteristics and the outcomes concerning community-acquired sepsis among patients admitted to a Hungarian high-influx national medical center. ⋯ Community-acquired sepsis poses a significant burden of disease with characteristic causative agents and sources. Patients at a higher risk for poor outcomes might be identified earlier by the contributing factors shown above.
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Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment is imperative in bacterial sepsis due increasing risk of mortality with every hour without appropriate antibiotic therapy. Atypical infections with fastidious organisms may take more than 4 days to diagnose leading to calls for improved methods for rapidly diagnosing sepsis. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a slow-growing, fastidious gram-negative bacillus which is a common commensal within the mouths of dogs, but rarely cause infections in humans. C. canimorsus sepsis risk factors include immunosuppression, alcoholism and elderly age. Here we report on the application of emerging nanopore sequencing methods to rapidly diagnose an atypical case of C. canimorsus septic shock. ⋯ Use of real-time nanopore sequencing reduced the time-to-diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus in this case from 6.25 days to 19 h. Capnocytophaga canimorsus should be considered in cases of suspected sepsis involving cat or dog contact, irrespective of the patient's known risk factors.
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Long-term outcome of DAAs therapy in kidney transplant recipients was unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate it in a Chinese cohort of HCV-infected kidney transplant recipients. ⋯ HCV genotype 1b and 2a are the only genotypes and 1b is predominant in our center. Antiviral treatment with DAAs in HCV-infected kidney transplant recipients is persistently effective and well tolerated during long-term follow-up. A regular monitoring of renal function in patients who receive DAAs regimens with preexisting impaired renal function is strongly recommended. Furthermore, the trough CNIs levels were recommended to be frequently monitored.