Folia Morphol
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The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle consists of two symmetrical parts located in the roof of the ventricle and protruding through its openings, the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. The arteries supplying the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle are difficult to approach because of their deep location within the cerebellopontine angles and the cerebellomedullary fissure. They originate from multiple sites on the cerebellar arteries, and pass near the vital structures of the pons and medulla. ⋯ The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) were the main supplying vessels. AICA supplied the portion of the plexus in the cerebellopontine angles and the adjacent part of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle through the foramina of Luschka. PICA supplied most of the choroid plexus in the roof and the median opening of the fourth ventricle.
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During dissection of the brachial plexus variations have frequently been observed in the formation and further ramification of the cords to form the musculocutaneous and median nerves (MCN and MN). The present study was undertaken to localise the connections (the communication pattern) of the MN and the MCN with respect to the point of entrance of the MCN to the coracobrachialis muscle. A total of 129 formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected for this purpose. ⋯ We were able to identify 4 different patterns of communication. Type I (54 communications, 45%): the communications were proximal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis, Type II (42 communications, 35%): the communications were distal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis, Type III (11 communications, 9%): the MCN did not pierce the coracobrachialis and Type IV (9 communications, 8%): the communications were proximal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis and additional communication took place distally. Precise knowledge of variations in MCN and MN communications may prove valuable in traumatology of the shoulder joint, as well as in plastic and reconstructive repair operations.
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Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves constitute a potentially important clinical and surgical issue. The aim of this work is to study the variations of the median nerve in the arm with respect to its branching pattern and distribution as well as its possible communication with the musculocutaneous and/or ulnar nerves. Sixty arms pertaining to 30 preserved human cadavers, ranging in age from 30 to 67 years, were dissected in pursuit of this aim. ⋯ Three limbs (5%) showed a communicating branch between the median and the musculocutaneous nerves. These observations should be considered when a high median nerve paralysis is shown to originate in the axilla or proximal arm in a patient presenting with weakness of forearm flexion and supination. Similarly, it can explain weakness of the arm flexor muscles in thoracic outlet syndrome with median nerve affection.
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Anastomosis between the pubic rami of the inferior epigastric and the obturator arteries has been referred to as the corona mortis. Because anomalous vessels in the retropubic region are at risk in groin or pelvic surgeries, they have an importance not only for general surgery but also for orthopaedics. ⋯ We found venous corona mortis in 11 halves (20.37%). Additionally, in 8 halves (14.81%), the obturator artery originated from the inferior epigastric artery.
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To precisely evaluate low back pain, identification of the detailed innervation of the lumbar spine is necessary. On twenty-five sides of adult cadavers we investigated various patterns of rami communicantes (RC) and their relationship to the psoas major muscle (PM). In ten sides, we focused our dissection on the minute nerve supply of the anterior (ALL) and posterior longitudinal ligaments (PLL), vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs (IVD). ⋯ Within the vertebral canal, the posterior aspect of IVD and PLL received the sinu-vertebral nerves originating from DTR. These findings suggest the coexistence of two different types of innervation: one originating directly from the spinal nerve segmentally, and one reaching vertebral structures via the sympathetic nerves non-segmentally. Therefore, sympathetic nerves are likely involved in the proprioception of the spinal column.