Kardiol Pol
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The effects of pre-existing anaemia on the occurrence and course of an acute coronary syndrome has recently become a topic of extensive research. The data on the significance of anaemia in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are less abundant and the conclusions equivocal. ⋯ Patients with anaemia who develop STEMI are, right from the admission, a separate, higher-risk population of patients with considerably increased risk of death and in-hospital cardiovascular complications. The unfavourable impact of anaemia on outcomes in patients with acute MI undergoing PCI is complex and cannot be explained by the increased extend of post-infarction myocardial damage. In patients with STEMI, anaemia on admission should be treated as an additional risk factor.
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Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is a common pattern of breathing in heart failure (HF) patients, and indicates a poor prognosis. ⋯ The EOV can be reversed with ASV therapy. The EOV in association with central sleep apnoea and Cheyne- -Stokes respiration (CSA/CSR) is prevalent in HF patients and correlates with severity of the disease.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) presents many abnormalities. There are no data concerning prognostic significance of ST-elevation (STE) in lead aVR in patients with APE. ⋯ The presence of STE in lead aVR in patients with APE is associated with poor prognosis. The presence of STE in lead aVR could be an easily obtainable and noninvasive ECG parameter, helpful in risk stratification of patients with APE.
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Acute hyperglycaemia is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is unclear whether these negative effects apply equally to patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM patients. ⋯ Acute hyperglycaemia in non-DM patients hospitalised due to ACS was found to be an unfavourable long-term (four-year) risk factor, and may also be an unfavourable in-hospital risk factor. In contrast, acute hyperglycaemia did not affect cardiovascular outcomes in DM patients.