The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1999
Comparative StudyPopulation pharmacokinetics of oral morphine and its glucuronides in children receiving morphine as immediate-release liquid or sustained-release tablets for cancer pain.
(1) To determine the pharmacokinetics of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) in children with cancer receiving morphine as immediate-release morphine liquid or sustained-release tablets. (2) To determine differences with age within the group and from adults. (3) To explore relationships between plasma concentration and pain measurements. ⋯ Age differences in morphine pharmacokinetics exist within children and compared with adults. The study supports a starting dose of 1.5 to 2. 0 mg/kg/d to provide plasma morphine concentrations >12 ng/mL in children with cancer pain unrelieved by mild to moderate strength analgesia.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialRandomized comparison of high-frequency ventilation with high-rate intermittent positive pressure ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory failure.
In a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial, we tested the hypothesis that high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with a high lung volume strategy results in fewer treatment failures than intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with high rates and low peak inspiratory pressures. ⋯ HFV with a high lung volume strategy did not cause less lung injury in preterm infants than IPPV with a high rate and low peak inspiratory pressures.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1999
Case ReportsRetinal hemorrhages caused by accidental household trauma.
Traumatic retinal hemorrhages in young children are considered pathognomonic of child abuse. We identified 3 children with unilateral retinal hemorrhages caused by accidental household trauma. The hemorrhages were ipsilateral to intracranial hemorrhage and isolated to the posterior retinal pole.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jul 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of albuterol delivered by a metered dose inhaler with spacer versus a nebulizer in children with mild acute asthma.
In children with mild acute asthma, to compare treatment with a single dose of albuterol delivered by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer in either a weight-adjusted high dose or a standard low-dose regimen with delivery by a nebulizer. ⋯ In children with mild acute asthma, treatment with 2 puffs of albuterol by an MDI with spacer is just as clinically beneficial as treatment with higher doses delivered by an MDI or by a nebulizer.