The Journal of pediatrics
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The Journal of pediatrics · Feb 1987
Microflora of the urethra in adolescent boys: relationships to sexual activity and nongonococcal urethritis.
Urethral cultures were obtained from 90 adolescent youth, 16 of whom denied previous sexual activity. Among the sexually active boys was a group of 32 with clinically significant pyuria, consistent with the diagnosis of urethritis, on a first-part urinalysis (FPU) specimen. To relate differences in urethral microflora to sexual activity, 42 sexually active patients with a negative FPU were compared with the never sexually active group. ⋯ Of the 32 patients with FPU evidence of urethritis, 22 (69%) had cultures positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, and an additional three (9%) had cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The findings in sexually active patients with a positive FPU were otherwise similar to those of sexually active patients without evidence of urethritis. C. trachomatis appears to be the most important agent of urethritis among adolescent boys with a positive FPU.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jan 1987
Pulmonary follow-up of moderately low birth weight infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome.
Pulmonary function was measured in 18 children aged 6 to 9 years who had been born prematurely (mean birth weight 1760 +/- 555 g) and who had each received greater than 100 hours (mean 177 +/- 74 hours) of mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We used as controls 26 children aged 6 to 7 years who had been born prematurely (mean birth weight 1636 +/- 554 g) but who had required no treatment for pulmonary disease. ⋯ However, FEV1 and specific airway conductance were significantly reduced in the premature control group compared with children born at term. Therefore, factors associated with prematurity rather than combined effects of RDS and its treatment determined pulmonary function at age 6 to 9 years.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 1986
Inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated newborn infants: detection and effect on lung mechanics and gas exchange.
During mechanical ventilation, inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can have deleterious effects, including decreasing lung compliance and alveolar ventilation. To detect and quantitate inadvertent PEEP in 10 preterm neonates receiving mechanical ventilation, we clamped the connection between the endotracheal tube and the respirator at end-expiration and, after about 5 seconds, measured the airway pressure resulting from the trapped gas that emptied into the airways and the measuring system. To study the effect of decreasing inadvertent PEEP on lung mechanics and gas exchange, we measured the compliance of the respiratory system and blood gases. ⋯ Decreasing inadvertent PEEP by lengthening the expiratory time increased the compliance of the respiratory system (r = -0.74, n = 10, P less than 0.02). Decreasing inadvertent PEEP by greater than 1 cm H2O (mean 2.1 +/- 0.8 cm H2O) in six newborn infants increased respiratory compliance from 0.57 +/- 0.09 to 0.73 +/- 0.13 ml/cm H2O, or approximately 30%, and lowered Pco2 from 40.6 +/- 14.4 to 38.2 +/- 14.1 mm Hg despite a reduction in the level of ventilation set on the respirator. Knowing the amount of inadvertent PEEP and its effects can help improve mechanical ventilation in newborn infants.