The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Comparative Study
Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors as determinants of total cysteine in plasma: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a cardiovascular disease risk factor and is related to several components of the established cardiovascular disease risk profile. Cysteine is structurally and metabolically related to homocysteine, but data on its association with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors are sparse. ⋯ Plasma tCys is strongly related to several factors that constitute the cardiovascular disease risk profile. This should be an incentive to determine the role of tCys in cardiovascular disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
Water-soluble dietary fibers decrease postprandial glucose concentrations and decrease serum cholesterol concentrations. This study examined the effects of administering psyllium to men with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ The addition of psyllium to a traditional diet for persons with diabetes is safe, is well tolerated, and improves glycemic and lipid control in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
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Perhaps one of the most unexpected and novel findings in nutritional epidemiology in the past 5 y has been that nut consumption seems to protect against ischemic heart disease (IHD). Frequency and quantity of nut consumption have been documented to be higher in vegetarian than in nonvegetarian populations. Nuts also constitute an important part of other plant-based diets, such as Mediterranean and Asian diets. ⋯ The protective effect of nut consumption on IHD is not offset by increased mortality from other causes. Moreover, frequency of nut consumption has been found to be inversely related to all-cause mortality in several population groups such as whites, blacks, and the elderly. Thus, nut consumption may not only offer protection against IHD, but also increase longevity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Long-term efficacy and safety of a new olive oil-based intravenous fat emulsion in pediatric patients: a double-blind randomized study.
A new intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) prepared from a mixture of soybean and olive oils contains only long-chain triacylglycerols, with a low proportion (20%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids and 60% monounsaturated fatty acids. ⋯ The olive oil-based emulsion was well tolerated, maintained a normal EFA status, and may be more suitable for prevention of lipid peroxidation than the soybean-oil-based emulsion.
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Dietary guidelines recommend the consumption of whole grains to prevent chronic diseases. Epidemiologic studies support the theory that whole grains are protective against cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric and colon can-cer, and cardiovascular disease. Components in whole grains that may be protective include compounds that affect the gut environment, such as dietary fiber, resistant starch, and oligosaccharides. ⋯ Other potential mechanisms whereby whole grains may protect against disease include binding of carcinogens and modulation of the glycemic response. Clearly, the range of protective substances in whole grains is impressive and advice to consume additional whole grains is justified. Further study is needed regarding the mechanisms behind this protection so that the most potent protective components of whole grains will be maintained when developing whole grains into acceptable food products for the public.