The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial.
By modulating immune function, vitamin D might increase innate immunity and inhibit the growth of initial bacterial invasion and protect against tuberculosis infection. ⋯ Vitamin D supplementation for 6 mo had significant favorable effects on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and on growth in stature. A trend was seen toward fewer TST conversions in the vitamin D group. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01244204.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sleep restriction is not associated with a positive energy balance in adolescent boys.
A short sleep (SS) duration has been linked to obesity in observational studies. However, experimental evidence of the potential mechanisms of sleep restriction on energy balance is conflicting and, to our knowledge, nonexistent in adolescents. ⋯ Short-term sleep restriction in male adolescents is associated with a small negative energy balance driven by increased EE from prolonged wakefulness and a concomitant decreased EI and motivation to eat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01198431.
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In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute of Cancer Research (AICR) issued 8 recommendations (plus 2 special recommendations) on diet, physical activity, and weight management for cancer prevention on the basis of the most comprehensive collection of available evidence. ⋯ Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention may lower the risk of developing most types of cancer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized double-blind crossover study to determine the effects of erythromycin on small intestinal nutrient absorption and transit in the critically ill.
The gastrokinetic drug erythromycin is commonly administered to critically ill patients during intragastric feeding to augment small intestinal nutrient delivery. However, erythromycin has been reported to increase the prevalence of diarrhea, which may reflect reduced absorption and/or accelerated small intestinal transit. ⋯ Acute administration of erythromycin increases small intestinal glucose absorption in the critically ill, but there was a tendency for the drug to reduce small intestinal lipid absorption and slow transit. These observations have implications for the use of erythromycin as a gastrokinetic drug in the critically ill. This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN 12610000615088.