The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Exercising before protein intake allows for greater use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for de novo muscle protein synthesis in both young and elderly men.
Sarcopenia seems to be attributed to a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to food intake and exercise. This blunted response could be the result of impaired protein digestion and absorption kinetics and lead to lower postprandial plasma amino acid availability. ⋯ Dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics are not impaired after exercise or at an older age. Exercising before protein intake allows for a greater use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for de novo muscle protein synthesis in both young and elderly men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00557388.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of omega-3 supplementation in combination with diet and exercise on weight loss and body composition.
In addition to the metabolic and cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, several studies have suggested an added weight loss-enhancing benefit to this supplement. ⋯ Omega-3 fatty acids were not effective as an adjunct for weight loss in this otherwise healthy, overweight population.
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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects many young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Its etiology is multifactorial, but the major cause is low dietary iron bioavailability exacerbated by parasitic infections such as malaria. ⋯ Dietary iron absorption is reduced by ≈ 40% in asymptomatic P. falciparum parasitemia, likely because of low-grade inflammation and its modulation of circulating hepcidin. Because asymptomatic parasitemia has a protracted course and is very common in malarial areas, this effect may contribute to IDA and blunt the efficacy of iron supplementation and fortification programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01108939.
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It has been reported that deviations in gut microbiota composition may predispose toward obesity, and specific groups of commensal gut bacteria may harvest energy from food more efficiently than others. Alterations in microbiota compositions of mothers may be transferred to infants and lead to an increased risk of overweight. ⋯ The composition and development of infant gut microbiota are influenced by BMI, weight, and weight gain of mothers during pregnancy.
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Many pregnant women in the United States do not consume enough docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)--an essential nutrient found in fish. Apparently conflicting findings that fish consumption is beneficial for the developing fetus, yet potentially toxic because of mercury contamination, have created uncertainty about the appropriate fish-consumption advice to provide to pregnant women. ⋯ Pregnant women might be willing to eat more fish if this were advised by their obstetricians or if they had an accessible reference regarding which types are safe.