The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: a 6-mo double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in postmenopausal Chinese women with prediabetes or untreated early diabetes.
In vitro and animal studies have suggested that soy protein and isoflavones have favorable effects on glucose and insulin regulation, but intervention studies in humans are limited, and the results are controversial. ⋯ This 6-mo randomized controlled trial did not support the hypothesis that soy protein with or without isoflavone supplementation had favorable effects on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity among postmenopausal Chinese women. The favorable change in postload glucose needs to be further confirmed.
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Leukocyte telomere length is associated with diseases of aging, but there is limited knowledge of diet and lifestyle determinants. ⋯ Although the strength of the associations was modest in this population of middle- and older-age women, our results support the hypothesis that body composition and dietary factors are related to leukocyte telomere length, which is a potential biomarker of chronic disease risk.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Once-weekly dose of 8400 IU vitamin D(3) compared with placebo: effects on neuromuscular function and tolerability in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.
Vitamin D insufficiency, which is prevalent in older individuals, is associated with bone and muscle weakness and falls. ⋯ Weekly treatment with 8400 IU vitamin D(3) raised 25(OH)D concentrations in elderly, vitamin D-insufficient individuals. Treatment with 8400 IU vitamin D(3) did not reduce mediolateral sway significantly compared with treatment with placebo in this population, although in post hoc analysis, treatment with 8400 IU vitamin D(3) reduced sway in the subgroup of patients who had elevated sway at baseline. Weekly treatment with 8400 IU vitamin D(3) was well tolerated. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00242476.
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Coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Suggested mechanisms underlying the association have included attenuation of subclinical inflammation and a reduction in oxidative stress. ⋯ Coffee consumption appears to have beneficial effects on subclinical inflammation and HDL cholesterol, whereas no changes in glucose metabolism were found in our study. Furthermore, many coffee-derived methylxanthines and caffeic acid metabolites appear to be useful as biomarkers of coffee intake.
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The Nutrient Rich Foods (NRF) Index is a formal scoring system that ranks foods on the basis of their nutrient content. When used in conjunction with a food prices database, it can help identify foods that are both nutritious and affordable. ⋯ One important application of nutrient profile models is to help consumers identify foods that provide optimal nutrition at an affordable cost.