The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene are major antioxidants and as such may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes via reduction of oxidative stress. ⋯ Our randomized trial data showed no significant overall effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene on risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of CVD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000541.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute effects of food on postprandial blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in healthy humans.
Recent research suggests that central pulse pressure may be a better indicator of cardiovascular disease outcomes than brachial pressure. Little information is available regarding the effect of food intake on postprandial central pressure and other measures of arterial stiffness when measured with a noninvasive pulse wave analysis (PWA) technique. ⋯ Markers of central hemodynamics are sensitive to feeding state and therefore should be measured at fasting to avoid variability due to recent (within 2-3 h) food intake. This is especially important when measurements are repeated over time to assess the effect of medication or lifestyle changes on cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Greater fish and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may reduce dementia risk; however, previous studies have reported conflicting results, which were largely based on short-term follow-up. ⋯ In this Dutch cohort, who had a moderate consumption of fish and omega-3 PUFAs, these dietary factors do not appear to be associated with long-term dementia risk.
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Data concerning the long-term association between nut consumption and weight change in a free-living population are sparse. ⋯ Higher nut consumption was not associated with greater body weight gain during 8 y of follow-up in healthy middle-aged women. Instead, it was associated with a slightly lower risk of weight gain and obesity. The results of this study suggest that incorporating nuts into diets does not lead to greater weight gain and may help weight control.