The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Estimation of the dietary requirement for vitamin D in healthy adults.
Knowledge gaps have contributed to considerable variation among international dietary recommendations for vitamin D. ⋯ The range of vitamin D intakes required to ensure maintenance of wintertime vitamin D status [as defined by incremental cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D] in the vast majority (>97.5%) of 20-40-y-old adults, considering a variety of sun exposure preferences, is between 7.2 and 41.1 microg/d.
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Research on trends in consumption of added sugar and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the United States has largely focused on calorically sweetened beverages and ignored other sources. ⋯ Although increased intake of calories from HFCS is important to examine, the health effect of overall trends in added caloric sweeteners should not be overlooked.
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Malnutrition is common in the developing world and associated with disease and mortality. Because malnutrition frequently occurs among children in the community as well as those with acute illness, and because anthropometric indicators of nutritional status are continuous variables that preclude a single definition of malnutrition, malnutrition-attributable fractions of admissions and deaths cannot be calculated by simply enumerating individual children. ⋯ Despite global improvements, malnutrition still underlies half of the inpatient morbidity and mortality rates among children in rural Kenya. This contribution is underestimated by using conventional clinical definitions of severe malnutrition.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of micronized ferric pyrophosphate and encapsulated ferrous fumarate in southern India.
Dual fortification of salt with iodine and iron could be a sustainable approach to combating iodine and iron deficiencies. ⋯ Both DFSs were efficacious in reducing the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in school-age children. Local salt characteristics should be taken into consideration when choosing an iron fortificant for DFS to achieve optimal iodine stability and color.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Accumulating short bouts of brisk walking reduces postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy young men.
Physical activity recommendations promote the accumulation of aerobic activity in bouts of >or=10 min. It is important to determine whether shorter bouts of activity can influence health. ⋯ Accumulating 30 min of brisk walking in short (3-min) bouts is equally effective in reducing postprandial lipemia and systolic blood pressure as is one continuous 30-min bout.