The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Copper, selenium, zinc, and thiamine balances during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients.
Acute renal failure is a serious complication in critically ill patients and frequently requires renal replacement therapy, which alters trace element and vitamin metabolism. ⋯ CRRT results in significant losses and negative balances of selenium, copper, and thiamine, which contribute to low plasma concentrations. Prolonged CRRT is likely to result in selenium and thiamine depletion despite supplementation at recommended amounts.
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Concern that long-term weight retention after pregnancy contributes to obesity underscores the need to identify factors that facilitate postpartum weight loss. Lactation is believed to facilitate postpartum weight loss and fat loss. Calcium intake also has been hypothesized to promote weight loss and fat loss. ⋯ Body-composition changes occur differently in nonlactating and lactating women during the first 6 mo postpartum and occur at some sites until 12 mo postpartum regardless of previous lactation status. Clinicians should use caution when advising lactating mothers about expected rates of postpartum fat loss. Calcium supplementation (1 g/d) does not promote postpartum weight loss or fat loss.
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Gallstone disease is a major source of morbidity in the developed countries. Nuts are rich in several compounds that may protect against gallstone disease. ⋯ In women, frequent nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cholecystectomy.
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For defining overweight in children, reference values for body mass index (BMI) are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). However, these 2 sets of reference criteria differ, and their accuracy in classifying adiposity has not yet been validated in most countries. ⋯ BMI is an excellent proxy measure of adiposity in 6-12-y-old children. In Swiss children, both BMI criteria accurately predict overweight, but the sensitivity of the IOTF obesity criteria is poor. They failed to detect one-half of the children identified as obese on the basis of %BF from SFTs.
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Elevated plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. tHcy is a marker of folate and cobalamin deficiencies and is also related to several lifestyle factors. ⋯ Changes in lifestyle factors over time influence tHcy concentrations. These changes are modest when compared with the strong associations between tHcy and lifestyle factors in cross-sectional studies.