The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The marked increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity is presumably responsible for the recent increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Even moderate weight loss in combination with increased activity can improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk persons (ie, those with impaired glucose tolerance). The American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition have joined together to issue this statement on the use of lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Copper, selenium, zinc, and thiamine balances during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients.
Acute renal failure is a serious complication in critically ill patients and frequently requires renal replacement therapy, which alters trace element and vitamin metabolism. ⋯ CRRT results in significant losses and negative balances of selenium, copper, and thiamine, which contribute to low plasma concentrations. Prolonged CRRT is likely to result in selenium and thiamine depletion despite supplementation at recommended amounts.
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Gallstone disease is a major source of morbidity in the developed countries. Nuts are rich in several compounds that may protect against gallstone disease. ⋯ In women, frequent nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cholecystectomy.
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For defining overweight in children, reference values for body mass index (BMI) are available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). However, these 2 sets of reference criteria differ, and their accuracy in classifying adiposity has not yet been validated in most countries. ⋯ BMI is an excellent proxy measure of adiposity in 6-12-y-old children. In Swiss children, both BMI criteria accurately predict overweight, but the sensitivity of the IOTF obesity criteria is poor. They failed to detect one-half of the children identified as obese on the basis of %BF from SFTs.
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Elevated plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. tHcy is a marker of folate and cobalamin deficiencies and is also related to several lifestyle factors. ⋯ Changes in lifestyle factors over time influence tHcy concentrations. These changes are modest when compared with the strong associations between tHcy and lifestyle factors in cross-sectional studies.