Drug Des Dev Ther
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Does an Earlier or Late Intravenous Injection of Ondansetron Affect the Dose of Phenylephrine Needed to Prevent Spinal-Anesthesia Induced Hypotension in Cesarean Sections?
There was controversy about ondansetron can reduce the incidence of spinal-induced hypotension and decrease the consumption of vasopressor in cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. We hypothesized that different timing of ondansetron administration may contribute to the controversy. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of different timing of ondansetron administration on the dose requirement of preventing phenylephrine via comparing the ED50 of prophylactic phenylephrine. ⋯ An earlier administration of 4 mg prophylactic ondansetron contributed no benefits for lowing the dose of prophylactic phenylephrine compared to a late administration, but can decrease the dose of preventing phenylephrine in patients undergoing cesarean delivery with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. This finding may be useful for clinical practice and further studies.
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This study was conducted to explore whether the effect of edaravone (5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol3-one, EDR) can ameliorate renal warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and its downstream effector after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model. ⋯ In conclusion, we found that EDR ameliorates renal warm IRI by downregulating ERS and its downstream effectors in a rat AKI model evoked by CA/CPR. These data may provide evidence for future therapeutic benefits of EDR against AKI induced by CA/CPR.
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Purpose: Functional impairment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is frequently observed in patients with diabetic vascular complications. Astragaloside IV (ASV) has a significant protective effect against vascular endothelial dysfunction. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of ASV on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced EPCs dysfunction and its potential mechanisms. ⋯ Overexpression of LOX-1 in EPCs triggered NLRP3inflammasome activation, while inhibition of LOX-1 or treatment with ASV suppressed ox-LDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, overexpression of LOX-1 in ox-LDL-induced EPCs furtherly impaired cellular function, which could be ameliorated by ASV treatment. Conclusion: Our study showed that ASV may protect EPCs against ox-LDL-induced dysfunction via LOX-1/NLRP3 pathway.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
The benefit of taxane-based therapies over fluoropyrimidine plus platinum (FP) in the treatment of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Fluoropyrimidine plus platinum (FP) is currently the standard treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). In recent years, taxane-based chemotherapy has also been used and has shown good efficacy in EC. This study aims to investigate the advantages of taxane-based over FP chemotherapy, as well as discuss its drawbacks, in the treatment of EC. ⋯ Compared to FP, taxane-based therapy produced better clinical response and outcomes in EC patients receiving NACT or dCRT, and in all types of therapy in patients with ESCC. Taxane-based treatment is associated with more frequent toxicity.
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Aim: Tramadol is widely used to treat acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain. Its primary active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1), is mainly responsible for its µ-opioid receptor-related analgesic effect. Tramadol is metabolized to M1 mainly by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme, and to other metabolites by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. ⋯ Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 correlated with the clearance of tramadol, and clearance from the central compartment to the metabolite compartment. Conclusion: The parent-metabolite model successfully characterized the PK of tramadol and its metabolite M1 in healthy Korean male subjects. These results could be applied to evaluate plasma tramadol concentrations after various dosing regimens.