Int J Clin Pharm Th
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tapentadol following oral administration of immediate- and prolonged-release formulations.
To evaluate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of orally administered tapentadol immediate release (IR) compared with tapentadol prolonged release (PR). ⋯ Absolute bioavailability for both tapentadol IR and tapentadol PR was ~ 32% under fasted conditions. Extent of exposure (AUC) for tapentadol PR was very similar to tapentadol IR, whereas Cmax was lower and HVD/MRT longer for the prolonged-release formulation. Overall, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tapentadol PR enable a twice-daily dosing regimen to be used; such a regimen is expected to improve patient compliance during chronic use.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 2013
Comparative StudyEffects of sevoflurane and propofol on cultured bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is a potentially effective vehicle for the cell and gene therapy in clinical disease treatment. We studied whether the most commonly used anesthetic drugs have negative effects on rat BMSCs in vitro. ⋯ The study indicates that it is necessary to choose the right anesthesia during the BMSCs transplantation therapy.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Feb 2013
Case ReportsMonitoring of metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a diabetic patient with acute kidney failure and effect of hemodialysis.
Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a serious complication occurring especially in elderly patients given high doses of the drug. We report a non-fatal case of MALA with pronounced acidosis (pH 6.76, lactate 30.81 mmol/l) and high metformin concentrations (127 mg/l) in a patient who had developed acute renal failure after undergoing an operation. ⋯ Cases previously reported with such a severe MALA were associated with a high mortality rate. We show that close monitoring in an intensive care unit together with prompt and repeated dialysis sessions can lead to a favorable outcome.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Nov 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyTolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the glucokinase activator AZD1656, after single ascending doses in healthy subjects during euglycemic clamp.
AZD1656 is a novel glucokinase activator with a postulated dual mechanism of action by activating glucokinase in both the pancreas and the liver, and with the potential to deliver effective glucose-lowering in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we present the tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZD1656 in two single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies, one with Western and the other with Japanese healthy adult male subjects. ⋯ No safety concerns were raised. AZD1656 displayed uncomplicated pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent pharmacodynamics effects were observed. The results suggest no ethnic differences in AZD1656 tolerability, pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.
-
Int J Clin Pharm Th · Nov 2012
Prediction of distribution volume of vancomycin in critically ill patients using extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability indices.
Alterations in distribution volume affect the concentrations of hydrophilic drugs in plasma and tissues at the time of initial therapy. When the distribution volume of hydrophilic antimicrobials is increased in critically ill patients with a serious infection, antimicrobial concentrations are reduced, which may adversely affect the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. A transpulmonary thermodilution technique system (PiCCO) enables measurements of pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), which are related to pulmonary edema and pulmonary vascular permeability, respectively. In addition, those indices may also be related to the distribution volume of hydrophilic antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of PVPI and EVLWI with the distribution volume of vancomycin (Vss), as well as to establish a method for estimating Vss for planning an appropriate initial dose for individual patients. ⋯ EVLWI determined by the PiCCO system is useful to predict Vss and should lead to more effective vancomycin therapy for critically ill patients at the initial stage.