Int J Clin Pharm Th
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Dec 2008
Predictors of in-hospital mortality after acute stroke: impact of renal dysfunction.
The objective of this 1-year, hospital-based study was to identify the impact of renal dysfunction on in-hospital mortality after acute stroke. ⋯ Screening and better control of renal dysfunction is required to decrease the risk of in-hospital mortality among patients after acute stroke. Our study also shows that the lower the CrCl, the greater is the risk of in-hospital mortality after acute attack. This finding needs to be considered in preventive and therapeutic strategies of acute stroke.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Sep 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics study of remifentanil in Chinese adult patients determined by an LC-MS/MS method.
The aim of this study was to construct the population pharmacokinetic model in Chinese adult patients and to characterize the factors that affect the parameters of remifentanil pharmacokinetics. ⋯ The LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of remifentanil in human whole blood was rapid, selective and highly sensitive. The population model was acceptable and would be helpful for clinicians to assess the remifentanil pharmacokinetic parameters based on patient's specific demographic characteristics.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Aug 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialThe hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between chronic use of oral levosimendan and digoxin in patients with NYHA Classes II-III heart failure.
Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing drug for the treatment of heart failure. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between digoxin and oral levosimendan as well as the proarrhythmic potential of this combination in patients with chronic heart failure. ⋯ The addition of oral levosimendan to digoxin therapy produced only a modest statistically nonsignificant additive inotropic effect. In contrast to the earlier data with intravenous levosimendan, the results indicate a pharmacokinetic interaction between levosimendan and digoxin. Data obtained from repolarization analyses and ambulatory ECG did not indicate any possible proarrhythmic effects of the combination.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Jun 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialTolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the once-daily human GLP-1 analog liraglutide in Japanese healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study.
Liraglutide is a once-daily human GLP-1 analog being developed as a Type 2 diabetes therapy. A dose-finding study in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes showed liraglutide to produce dose-dependent decreases in HbA(1C). Studies have also shown that, with stepped dose titration, liraglutide is well tolerated. This double-blind trial in 24 healthy Japanese men assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once-daily subcutaneous (s.c.) liraglutide using doses exceeding those previously studied, and using the stepped titration approach. ⋯ Liraglutide appears to be well tolerated at doses of up to 25 microg/kg in Japanese subjects. Despite clear pharmacodynamic effects in this euglycemic cohort, a low risk for hypoglycemia was suggested together with good gastrointestinal tolerability.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · May 2008
ReviewBovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review--Part II: clinical studies.
The value of bovine colostrum as a biologic in medicine is documented in clinical trials and supported by relatively large databases containing case reports and anecdotal findings. The main actions include an antibacterial effect and modulation of the immune response. The ability of bovine colostrum concentrates (BCC are polyvalent bovine colostrum concentrates produced from the colostrums of several 100 cows) to neutralize lipopolysaccharides, i.e. endotoxins arising from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and to inhibit enterogenic endotoxemia in animal models as shown in the last review to have its counterpart in patient therapy. ⋯ In contrast, elevated systemic levels with concentrations > 300 pg/ml are common in patients with severe Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock. Raised LPS levels occur mainly in patients with Gram-negative bacterial infections who have been treated with bacteriocidal antibiotics. The LPS-lowering effects of BCC are probably due to the numerous active components present in BCC which have their origin in the innate humoral and adaptive immune system of their biologic source, the cow.