The Journal of surgical research
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Lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN)-induced hepatic injury is an experimental model of fulminant hepatic failure in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role. Moreover, it was reported from our laboratory that interleukin (IL) 17A enhanced production of TNF-α by the Kupffer cell. ⋯ IL-17A is a key regulator in hepatic injury caused by neutrophil-induced inflammatory responses after LPS/GalN injection.
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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is gaining increasing recognition as a technique that will transform the landscape of surgical practice. It allows for the rapid conversion of anatomic images into physical objects, which are being used across a variety of surgical specialties. It has been unclear which groups are leading the way in coming up with novel ways of using the technology and what specifically the technology is being used for. The aim of this article was to review the current applications of 3DP in modern surgical practice. ⋯ Different specialties are at different stages in the use of the technology. The costs involved with implementing the technology and time taken for printing are important factors to consider before widespread use. For the foreseeable future, this is an exciting and interesting technology with the capacity to radically change health care and revolutionize modern surgery.
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Multicenter Study
Detecting severe injuries of the upper body in multiple trauma patients.
The clavicle limits the upper thoracic cage and connects the body and upper extremities. The clavicle is easy to examine and is visible on standard emergency room radiographs. We hypothesized that clavicular fracture in polytrauma patients would indicate the presence of further injuries of the upper extremities, head, neck, and thorax. ⋯ A clinically relevant coincidence of clavicular fractures with injuries of the chest and upper extremity was found. As clavicular fractures can be diagnosed easily, it might also help to reduce the incidence of missed injuries of the chest and upper extremity. Therefore, special attention should be paid on thoracic as well as upper extremity injures during the second and tertiary surveys in case of clavicular fractures.
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Several scar-scoring scales exist to clinically monitor burn scar development and maturation. Although scoring scars through direct clinical examination is ideal, scars must sometimes be scored from photographs. No scar scale currently exists for the latter purpose. ⋯ The modified scar scale is a simple, reliable, and useful scale for evaluating photographs of burn patients.