The Journal of surgical research
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Health care disparities are a well-documented phenomenon. Despite the development and implementation of multiple interventions, disparities in surgery have proven persistent. Thought to arise from a combination of patient, provider, and system-level factors, the objective of this study was to identify what is currently known about factors that influence surgical disparities and elucidate possible interventions to address them across four intervention-based themes: (1) condition-specific targeted interventions; (2) increased reliance on quantitative factors; (3) doctor-patient communication; and (4) cultural humility. ⋯ There are various forms of interventions to address surgical disparities, spanning knowledge from disparate fields. Promising efforts have emerged towards the successful alleviation of disparities. In order to move the field of surgery from understanding of disparities towards actions to mitigate them, continued development of meaningful quality improvement initiatives are needed.
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Comparative Study
The outcome of trauma patients with do-not-resuscitate orders.
Institutional variation in outcome of patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders has not been well described in the setting of trauma. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of trauma center designation on outcome of patients with DNR orders. ⋯ Inhospital mortality of patients with DNR orders was not significantly associated with trauma designation level after adjusting for case mix. More aggressive treatment or other unknown factors may have resulted in a significantly higher complication rate at level 1 trauma centers.
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There is a perception among surgeons that hospitals disproportionately transfer unfavorably insured patients for emergency surgical care. Emergency medical condition (EMC) designation mandates referral center acceptance of patients for whom transfer is requested. We sought to understand whether unfavorably insured patients are more likely to be designated as EMCs. ⋯ The finding that uninsured patients were more likely to be designated as EMCs suggests nonclinical variation that may be mitigated by clearer definitions and increased interfacility coordination to identify patients requiring transfer for EMCs.
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Monitoring the partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue (PbtO2) is an important tool for traumatic brain injury (TBI) but is invasive and inconvenient for real time monitoring. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which can monitor hemoglobin parameters in the brain tissue, has been used widely as a noninvasive tool for assessing cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Therefore, it may have the potential as a noninvasive tool for estimating the change of PbtO2. In this study, a novel wireless NIRS system was designed to monitor hemoglobin parameters of rat brains under different impact strengths and was used to estimate the change of PbtO2 noninvasively in TBI. ⋯ Changes in HbO2 under TBI was highly and positively correlated with changes in PbtO2. By using the relative changes in HbO2 as a reference parameter, the proposed wireless NIRS system may be developed as a noninvasive tool for estimating the change of PbtO2 in brain tissue after TBI.
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The aim of this study was to determine the functional and biochemical changes at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) induced by sepsis. ⋯ Chronic sepsis has a denervation-like effect on the NMJ, which was indicated by upregulation of heterogeneous nAChRs, the increased area of end plates, and demyelination of the motoneuron axon.