The Journal of surgical research
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether tamoxifen (TMX) causes attenuation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by fluid percussion injury. ⋯ Our results suggest that intravenous injection of TMX may ameliorate TBI in rats by increasing neuronal p-ERK1/2 expression, which might lead to an increase in neuronal Bcl2 expression and a decrease in neuronal apoptosis and cell infarction volume, and it might represent one mechanism by which functional recovery occurred. TMX may be a promising TBI treatment strategy.
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Resveratrol has been shown to attenuate cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); however, no study has explored its neuroprotective effect in early brain injury (EBI) after experimental SAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiapoptotic function of resveratrol in EBI and its relationship with the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. ⋯ Our results show that resveratrol has an antiapoptotic effect in EBI and that resveratrol might act through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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The development of warm-cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of the kidney grafts is inevitable during renal transplantation. However, there is currently no definite renoprotective strategy available in the protection of the graft tissue. In the present study, we compared the renal protection of preconditioning isoflurane with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a novel rat model of warm-cold renal IR injury. ⋯ We present the first study demonstrating that the administration of volatile isoflurane before induction of experimental warm-cold renal IR injury provides preconditioning renoprotective effect, which is superior to the treatment with NAC. The beneficial renoprotective effect of isoflurane is most likely mediated by attenuation of proinflammatory reaction in the injured kidney.
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The extensive use of major hepatectomy for liver malignancies with cirrhosis increases the risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), which is associated with a high frequency of postoperative complications, mortality, and an increased length of hospital stay. Remnant liver volume-to-body weight ratio (RLV-BWR) is more specific than the ratio of RLV-to-total liver volume (RLV-TLV) in predicting postoperative course after major hepatectomy in normal liver. Patients having normal liver with an anticipated RLV-BWR ≤0.5% are at considerable risk for hepatic dysfunction and postoperative mortality. In the present study, the critical value of RLV-BWR after liver resection in cirrhotic liver was investigated. ⋯ RLV-BWR was more specific than RLV-TLV in predicting PHLF after major hepatectomy of cirrhotic liver. Patients with an anticipated RLV-BWR <1.4% are at considerable risk for PHLF.
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Septic shock is still related to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Microcirculatory alteration has been demonstrated to be one important reason associated with this evolution. Vasoactive drugs are often used to restore adequate arterial pressure and tissue perfusion in septic shock. To define the roles of different drugs, the effects of terlipressin (TP) on the microcirculation of small bowel mesentery in rats with endotoxic shock were evaluated and compared with those of norepinephrine (NE). ⋯ Both TP and NE improved hemodynamic and microcirculatory alterations in rats with endotoxic shock. Compared with NE, TP was more effective in promoting MFI and improving the heterogeneity of small bowel mesentery in rats.