The Journal of surgical research
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Pneumothoraces are relatively common among trauma patients and can rapidly progress to tension physiology and death if not identified and treated. We sought to develop a reliable and reproducible large animal model of tension pneumothorax and to examine the cardiovascular effects during progression from simple pneumothorax to tension pneumothorax. ⋯ A reliable and highly reproducible model was created for severe tension pneumothorax in a large animal. Major cardiovascular instability proceeding to pulseless electrical activity arrest with stepwise insufflation was noted. This model could be highly useful for studying new diagnostic and treatment modalities for tension pneumothorax.
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Hemorrhagic shock activates cellular stress signals and can lead to systemic inflammatory response, organ injury, and death. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) acts as a sensor of tissue injury in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Lipoxins are endogenous lipid mediators with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. We hypothesized that BML-111 (a lipoxin A4-receptor agonist) attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through inhibiting activation of the MAPK pathway. ⋯ This study indicates that BML-111 attenuated hemorrhagic shock-induced ALI via the MAPK/activator protein-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, BML-111 may have therapeutic potential for hemorrhagic shock-induced ALI.
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Optimal management of adolescent trauma patients with blunt abdominal solid organ injury (SOI) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to identify management differences in adolescents with SOI treated at adult trauma centers (ATC) versus pediatric trauma centers (PTC). We hypothesized that adolescents with SOI would undergo different treatment at ATC and PTC. ⋯ Significant differences in the management of adolescents with SOI were identified in Pennsylvania. Operative intervention for SOI was more often performed at ATC than at PTC. Further study will be needed to address the impact of these disparities on patient outcomes.
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Natural killer (NK) cells, as the main effector subpopulation of the innate immune system, play an important role in the control of the rise and spread of malignant tumors. Regional lymph nodes (LN) represent the first immunologic barrier to tumor metastasis. Since there are scarce data on NK cells from regional LN of cancer patients, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of several activating and inhibitory receptors on the entire NK cell population as well as their CD3(-)CD56(dim) and CD3(-)CD56(bright) functional NK subsets from regional LN of melanoma patients. ⋯ Our results indicate that with tumor infiltration into regional LN of melanoma patients, NK cells, mostly of the CD56(dim) subset, are recruited into draining LN. The invading NK cells show counterbalance of the increased expression of CD16 activating receptor and increased CD158b inhibitory killer Ig-like cell receptor.
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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possible beneficial effects of adiponectin (APN) on acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis. ⋯ Adiponectin administration ameliorates acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis induced by CLP, no matter whether it is administrated before or after the onset of sepsis.