The Journal of surgical research
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High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important late mediator of acute lung injury. Gabexate mesilate (GM) is a synthetic protease inhibitor with some anti-inflammatory action. We aimed to evaluate the effect of GM on HMGB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. ⋯ GM may have inhibited PAI-1 and PAR-2, thereby indirectly inhibiting HMGB1 and reducing tissue damage in the lung. This indicates that GM can inhibit lung injury induced by LPS in rats. GM is a candidate for use in novel strategies to prevent or minimize lung injury in sepsis.
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To determine the inflammatory effects of time-dependent exposure to the hypobaric environment of simulated aeromedical evacuation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ The hypobaric environment of aeromedical evacuation results in significant hypoxia. Early, but not delayed, exposure to a hypobaric environment following TBI increases the neuroinflammatory response to injury and the severity of secondary brain injury. Optimization of the post-injury time to fly using serum cytokine and biomarker levels may reduce the potential secondary cerebral injury induced by aeromedical evacuation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Tramadol use for axillary brachial plexus blockade.
We investigated the effects of tramadol added to the mixture of local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus blockade (ABB) in patients to have undergone hand and forearm surgery. ⋯ Adding 100 mg of tramadol to the combination of levobupivacaine and lidocaine during ABB could not provide an important clinical effect in patients undergoing hand and forearm surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Premedication with dexmedetomidine alone or together with 0.5% lidocaine for IVRA.
This study aimed to compare the effects of low and same dose of dexmedetomidine when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) and when administered for premedication before IVRA. ⋯ Both addition of dexmedetomidine to lidocaine and premedication with dexmedetomidine for IVRA similarly improve quality of anesthesia and perioperative analgesia without important side effects.
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To review the inflammatory sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and altitude exposure and discuss the potential impact of aeromedical evacuation (AE) on this process. ⋯ We review the known inflammatory effects of TBI and altitude exposure and propose that optimizing the post-traumatic inflammatory profile may assist in determining an ideal time to fly for head-injured soldiers.