The Journal of surgical research
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Adiponectin (APN), which is an adipose tissue-derived hormone, is known as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The effects of APN on the production of inflammatory mediators and hepatic injury during polymicrobial sepsis were evaluated using APN-knockout (KO) mice that had undergone a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and rosiglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, which increases the plasma APN concentration. ⋯ These results suggest that an APN deficiency induces an excessive systemic inflammatory status and exacerbates hepatic injury during polymicrobial sepsis.
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Organ dysfunction or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by developing immunological dysfunction and subsequent sepsis or the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after trauma is the leading cause of death in trauma patient. It is believed that mitogen-activated protein kinase) (p38MAPK) is one of the most important kinases in inflammatory signaling. In this study, the change of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in trauma patient with different severity and its clinical significance in trauma inflammation were investigated. ⋯ p38 MAPK signal pathway was activated in trauma patients. The severity of trauma had highly positive correlation with the expression and activation of p38 MAPK, as well as the elevation of plasma TNFalpha and IL-6 expression. These findings indicate that p38 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathological mechanism of trauma.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Axillary lymph node drainage pathways from intradermal and intraparenchymal breast planes.
To compare functional anatomy of breast peri-areolar and peri-tumoral lymphatic drainage basins. ⋯ Lymph nodes extract approximately 50% of HIG. Extracted HIG does not cascade to distal nodes, validating HIG for sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy. HIG injected intradermally at the areola drains via a single route to the axilla. In two-thirds of patients, peri-tumoral HIG follows a similar route, but in one-third of patients drainage from the parenchymal plane is more complex, with more than one route to the axilla.
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Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR). Intestinal ischemic preconditioning (IIP) has been shown to improve intestinal tolerance to subsequent sustained ischemia and limit the systemic inflammatory response. We tested the effect of IIP on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced ARDS, with particular focus on PLA(2). ⋯ Intestinal preconditioning protects IIR-induced lung injury, partly by modulating the arachidonic acid cascade.
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Untreated hypovolemia results in impaired outcome. This study tests our hypothesis whether general hemodynamic parameters detect acute blood loss earlier than monitoring parameters of regional tissue beds. ⋯ In this hemorrhagic pig model systemic hemodynamic parameters were more sensitive to detect acute hypovolemia than tissue oxygen tension measurements or jejunal LDF measurements. Acute blood loss was detected first by dPP.