The Journal of surgical research
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The incidence of motorcycle fatalities over the last 10 y has nearly doubled. There is considerable evidence that motorcycle helmets save lives, but there are little data regarding the impact that helmets have on functional outcomes after a motorcycle crash. The objective of this study was to determine the difference between helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclists in the odds of developing a functional deficit at discharge in three domains: speech, locomotion, and feeding. ⋯ Helmeted motorcyclists are less likely to die and develop a deficit in speech after a motorcycle collision. These data support that motorcycle helmets are important in preventing functional deficits related to head injury.
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Adiponectin is produced exclusively by adipose tissues. It is associated with visceral adiposity and various metabolic disorders, and acts as an anti-inflammatory protein that inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the association between the preoperative plasma adiponectin levels and the development of postoperative infection following colorectal cancer surgery. ⋯ Preoperative adiponectin levels may be useful for anticipating the development of postoperative infection following colorectal cancer surgery.
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Immune function after hemorrhagic shock and subsequent sepsis is characterized by an early proinflammatory burst of IL-6, and high IL-6 levels have been linked to high mortality after trauma and in sepsis. Trans-signaling is defined as the activation of cells that do not express the membrane bound IL-6 receptor by the complex of IL-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Gp130-Fc is able to bind the IL-6/sIL-6R complex, and beneficial effects of IL-6 blockade in chronic inflammatory diseases have been shown. The first aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of a gp130 blockade via the gp130-Fc antibody causing impairment of IL-6 signaling. The second aim was to find out what role the IL-6/sIL-6R complex can play in the context of hemorrhagic shock and subsequent sepsis as an acute inflammatory disease. ⋯ Transsignaling does not seem to play a pivotal role in the development of the immune dysfunction and mortality in our model of hemorrhage and subsequent sepsis.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce an acute intestinal mucosal injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has a unique role in many physiological stress processes, but its contribution to intestinal mucosal injury after TBI remains to be determined. ⋯ We show for the first time that mice lacking Nrf2 are more susceptible to TBI-induced acute intestinal mucosal injury. Our data suggests that Nrf2 plays an important role in protecting TBI-induced intestinal mucosal injury, possibly by regulating of inflammatory cytokines and inducing of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes.
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To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads in eradication of an arterial prosthetic graft methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm in an experimental animal model. ⋯ Regional antibiotic delivery using an antibiotic-impregnated PMMA bead reduced the bacterial biofilm concentration in experimental subcutaneous pocket model of vascular surgical site infection. The delivery of antibiotics via a PMMA bead may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of vascular surgical site infection.