The Journal of surgical research
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Our objective was to compare the racial differences in incidence and management of pediatric appendicitis. ⋯ African-American children with appendicitis have lower overall hospitalization rates, higher rates of perforation, a greater delay to surgical management, and lower laparoscopic rates. In contrast, Hispanic children more frequently had appendicitis and complex disease. The treatment of African-American and Hispanic children overall was associated with a longer hospital stay and higher charges. The lower incidence of appendicitis in African-American children is incompletely understood and the disparity in surgical management among minority children remains troubling.
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One lung ventilation is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Although there have been several reports showing that one-lung ventilation can cause pathophysiological alterations such as pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and intrapulmonary shunting, there have been virtually no reports on the effects of one-lung ventilation on lung histology. ⋯ These results suggest that there was lung vascular injury after OLV, which was associated with reduced levels of nitric oxide production and not associated with an inflammatory response.
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The "double-hit" model of hemorrhage and sepsis mimics the critically ill patient admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. Although the protein expression of a cytochrome (CYP) P-450 isoform CYP1A2 is reduced in the late stage of sepsis, the effect of hemorrhage on CYP isoforms and the anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has not been investigated. We hypothesized that hemorrhage down-regulates CYP isoforms and PPAR-gamma in the liver, which plays an important role in producing tissue injury and proinflammatory responses after the subsequent sepsis (i.e., double-hit). ⋯ Hepatic CYP1A2, CYP2C11, and PPAR-gamma were down-regulated after the initial stress (hemorrhage). These down-regulated CYPs and PPAR-gamma seem to work as important factors contributing to the progression of organ injury and proinflammatory responses after the second stress (CLP).
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Oxygen-derived free radical-induced cell injury has been suggested to have a pivotal role in the etiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that antioxidant agents may be useful therapeutics in this condition. In this regard, the effect of zinc aspartate on ischemia-reperfusion injury was investigated in skeletal muscle. ⋯ Zinc aspartate seems to be an effective treatment option against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Sweat glands play some key roles in homeostasis maintenance and body temperature regulation. In full-thickness burn wounds, sweat glands cannot regenerate to form their three-dimensional organization via the division and terminal differentiation of sweat gland cells. However, the plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer the hope and potentiality to regenerate sweat glands after severe burn injury.