The Journal of surgical research
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Prehospital transport, resuscitation, and operative intervention are all critical to the care of the penetrating trauma victim. We determined which factors most affected mortality in patients with penetrating abdominal vascular injuries. ⋯ In patients with penetrating abdominal vascular injuries who survive their ED stay, adverse physiologic parameters reflecting the adequacy of resuscitation are more predictive of mortality than identifiable prehospital parameters.
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Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious and common clinical entity resulting in severe tissue injury. This study was designed to compare IRI in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and strangulation obstruction (SO). ⋯ Despite no significant difference between the two groups in terms of intestinal tissue damage, OFR-induced injury was higher in the strangulation obstruction group.
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The need for factor XIII (FXIII) in fibrin sealant is subject to discussions. Some commercially available fibrin sealants (FS) contain high levels of FXIII (up to 70-80 U/mL) while others contain low levels or none. The objective of the present studies was to investigate the need for FXIII in FS. ⋯ FXIII, when added to fibrinogen concentrate in FS, improved fibrin cross-linking and clot strength. FXIII containing FS achieved more effective hemostasis than FXIII depleted FS. FXIII is an essential component of commercial FS and should be present in FS at an optimal concentration of about 40-80 U/mL.
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Enteral nutrition with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3 n-6) decreased pulmonary inflammation by reducing neutrophil counts and chemotactic factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and GLA may be due, in part, to induction of neutrophil apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EPA and GLA, alone or in combination, trigger apoptotic cell death in the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line. ⋯ Viability was significantly reduced to the same extent with the combination of 50 micromol/L EPA\20 micromol/L GLA compared with 100 micromol/L EPA. These data indicate that EPA and GLA, alone or in combination, reduce cell survival by induction of apoptosis. Thus, induction of apoptosis by select dietary n-3 (EPA) and n-6 (GLA) polyunsaturated fatty acids may be the mechanism of the resolution of pulmonary inflammation in ARDS.
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Although ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to protect the liver from injury when subjected to continuous hepatic ischemia, whether IPC protects rat livers against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after intermittent ischemia has not been elucidated. ⋯ IPC exerts a greater protective effect against hepatic I/R injury after intermittent hepatic ischemia than after continuous hepatic ischemia.