Encephale
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Theory of mind (ToM) is defined as a capacity to infer mental states, intentions, and emotions in others. Two principal theories in the field of cognitive psychology have tried to explain mechanisms underlying this capacity. Theory-theory hypothesizes that people interpret cues from others in social interactions with a folk psychology composed of data about social human behavior. In contrast, Simulation-Theory proposes a capacity to take different perspectives and mentally simulate others' behavior. As a result, one could guess a person's intention or emotion by comparison with his state of mind when he/she behaves in the same way. ⋯ Ecological decision in conditional reasoning tasks could be approached by adding a system of points to spend, asking for more cues, or to earn, finally finding the correct answer. Decision would then depend on the ratio between possible gains, by guessing or not the correct answer, and the cost of searching for more cues before making a decision.
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Within days following birth, most women show signs of mood changes, commonly named baby blues. Baby blues can result in postpartum depression. Hence it appears important to explore in more details the clinical background related to the intensity of postpartum blues. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of psychological, psychosocial and obstetrical factors to the intensity of postpartum blues. ⋯ The preventive implication of this study is important. Some psychological and psychosocial variables predicted the intensity of postpartum blues and may be used in order to detect women who exhibit risk factors.
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Most of the people who will attempt suicide, talk about it beforehand. Therefore, recognition of suicidal risk is not absolutely impossible. Beck's suicidal ideation scale and Ducher's suicidal risk assessment scale (RSD) are common tools to help practicians in this way. ⋯ In conclusion, the results of this study hypothesize that the suicidal risk, as assessed by Beck's suicidal ideation scale and the suicidal risk assessment scale RSD, appears to be consistently correlated with both the level of anxiety and depression. The study also suggests that all antidepressants may not be equally effective on suicidal risk.
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In the area of health psychology, locus of control (LOC) [Psychol Monogr 80 (1966) 1-28] has consistently been considered as a dimension of personality which may entail many potential benefits for the individual. ⋯ The CFA results on both models are satisfying. However, the Chi square difference observed between the two models (chi(2)=32, ddl=3) clearly shows that the second model is more satisfying. Indeed, there seems to be a positive correlation between I and P, and a negative correlation between I and C. The second correlation result confirms Rotter's theory. A possible explanation of the first correlation would be that putting your health in the hands of medical staff is like having an indirect control over it. However, the variance percentage analysis on each item shows acceptable results for all items but four. This could be explained by the fact that Items 1 and 9 refer to healing after injury whereas the other items refer to the start of the injury. To conclude, it appears that this scale is generally satisfying, and can be a useful tool for research on the LOC and its influence on sports injuries.