Encephale
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Disorders of self in schizophrenia have been considered as the core feature of the illness since its early clinical description. However, until recently, the understanding of these disorders referred mostly to philosophical considerations. The aim of this work is to examine how the various aspects of autobiographical memory deficits may be considered as possible cognitive mechanisms accounting for self-disorders in patients. ⋯ Based on these results, we discuss current and future therapeutic interventions including both cognitive remediation methods and cognitive psychotherapy applied to autobiographical memory. These methods appear relevant to help patients improve both the sense of self associatied with their autobiographical memory retrieval and the coherence and stability of the self.
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The paper describes an action research for indicative assessment of psychological problems of young children following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and the interest of using the Creole version of the questionnaire PSYCa 3-6. The survey took place in Port-au-Prince, and the evaluators were trained to a proper standardized administration of the questionnaire.
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Use of chronic opioid therapy has increased substantially over the past few years, even though opioid therapy is associated with potentially serious harms, including opioid-related adverse effects and outcomes. Prescription of opioids for chronic pain, particularly nonmalignant chronic pain, remains controversial. In the midst of this controversy, patterns of actual prescription and influences on these patterns are not well understood. This study aims to describe the frequency of prescription of opioid analgesics in a university hospital, the attitudes of doctors towards this category of drugs, and the follow-up modalities of patients taking these drugs. The study also explores the association between the practitioners' characteristics and the modalities of prescription. ⋯ The results of this study were compatible with those of other recent studies about opioid prescription. The doctors practicing in the university hospital Hôtel-Dieu de France de Beyrouth present comparable prescription patterns, independent of their personal or professional characteristics, and they are more confident in their prescription when professionally trained for it. However, they exhibit a notable heterogeneity in their attitudes towards opioids and in their modalities of evaluating patients receiving long-term treatment. These results suggest a need for additional training in the management of this category of drugs.
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The prevalence of anxiety disorders has been recently estimated at 42 % in a population of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. This rate is more than two times higher than in adolescents without developmental disorders (around 20 %). Besides, according to recent studies, the quality of life of adolescents with ASD without mental retardation seems to be lower than adolescents with typical development. We guess that anxiety disorders may be responsible for a low quality of life in adolescents with ASD. ⋯ This study shows that anxiety disorders could be a risk factor for impairment of the "physical well-being" dimension of QoL in adolescents with ASD without intellectual disability. Results highlight the interest of a self-evaluation of anxiety level in a population of adolescents with ASD. Findings about self-report of QoL might be temper probably due to the insight difficulties that meet patients with ASD reported in literature review. Further research need to be done with larger samples of patients using self-evaluation coupled with hetero-evaluation such as parents' reports and clinicians' reports.
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Observational Study
Self-referral to group cognitive behavioural therapy: Is it effective for treating chronic insomnia?
To evaluate the effectiveness of a short (3 session) programme of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on insomnia, sleepiness and symptoms of anxiety and depression. ⋯ A short programme of CBT can improve sleep, depression and anxiety symptoms in self-referred patients suffering from chronic insomnia with good adherence and maximum benefit in patients with severe insomnia.