The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Nov 2014
Sustained release of milrinone delivered via microparticles in a rodent model of myocardial infarction.
The aim of the present study was to construct a new drug delivery system for milrinone using microparticles. This novel technology enhances drug bioavailability and decreases toxicity, with future implications for the treatment of end-stage heart failure. ⋯ Drug encapsulation using microparticles can prolong the effects of milrinone. We propose a new strategy for future drug delivery in patients with end-stage heart failure.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Nov 2014
Lung injury after simulated cardiopulmonary bypass in an isolated perfused rat lung preparation: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt signaling and the effects of theophylline.
Lung deflation and inflation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass contributes to pulmonary dysfunction postoperatively. Theophylline treatment for lung diseases has traditionally been thought to act by phosphodiesterase inhibition; however, increasing evidence has suggested other plausible mechanisms. We investigated the effects of deflation and reinflation on signaling pathways (p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 [ERK1/2], and Akt) and whether theophylline influences the deflation-induced lung injury and associated signaling. ⋯ Lung deflation and reinflation stimulates differential p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, and Akt activation, suggesting a role in lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, p38-MAPK was not involved in the compromised compliance. A supratherapeutic theophylline dose protected lungs against deflation-induced injury and was associated with inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt rather than phosphodiesterase.