The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Oct 2018
WebcastsSurgical unroofing of hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in a pediatric population.
Although myocardial bridges (MBs) are traditionally regarded as incidental findings, it has been reported that adult patients with symptomatic MBs refractory to medical therapy benefit from unroofing. However, there is limited literature in the pediatric population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the indications and outcomes for unroofing in pediatric patients. ⋯ Unroofing of MBs can be safely performed in pediatric patients, with or without use of CPB. In symptomatic patients, unroofing can provide relief of symptoms refractory to medical therapy.
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The effect of aortic clamping strategy on short-term stroke during proximal graft construction for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains undefined. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that partial occluding clamp (POC) technique does not increase incidence of postoperative stroke compared with single clamp (SC) technique for performing proximal coronary anastomoses. ⋯ Aortic clamping strategy for constructing proximal anastomoses in CABG procedures does not affect short-term incidence of postoperative stroke or mortality. The use of POC incurred shorter myocardial ischemic and perfusion times compared with the SC technique with similar total number of bypass grafts.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Oct 2018
Tricuspid valvular dynamics and 3-dimensional geometry in awake and anesthetized sheep.
Clinical and experimental tricuspid valve physiology data are derived predominantly from anesthetized subjects, but normal tricuspid valve geometry and dynamics may be altered by general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. We set out to investigate 3-dimensional geometry and dynamics of the tricuspid valve complex in awake and anesthetized sheep. ⋯ General anesthesia did not alter tricuspid annular or subvalvular 3-dimensional geometry but reduced right ventricular contraction and tricuspid annular dynamics.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Oct 2018
Preoperative cerebral hemodynamics from birth to surgery in neonates with critical congenital heart disease.
Hypoxic-ischemic white matter brain injury commonly occurs in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. Recent work has shown that longer time to surgery is associated with increased risk for this injury. In this study we investigated changes in perinatal cerebral hemodynamics during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation to ascertain mechanisms that might underlie this risk. ⋯ In neonates with TGA or HLHS, increasing cerebral oxygen extraction combined with an abnormal cerebral blood flow response during the time between birth and heart surgery leads to a progressive decrease in cerebral tissue oxygenation The results support and help explain the physiological basis for recent studies that show longer time to surgery increases the risk of acquiring white matter injury.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Oct 2018
Preclinical performance of a pediatric mechanical circulatory support device: The PediaFlow ventricular assist device.
The PediaFlow (HeartWare International, Inc, Framingham, Mass) is a miniature, implantable, rotodynamic, fully magnetically levitated, continuous-flow pediatric ventricular assist device. The fourth-generation PediaFlow was evaluated in vitro and in vivo to characterize performance and biocompatibility. ⋯ Designated a Humanitarian Use Device for "mechanical circulatory support in neonates, infants, and toddlers weighing up to 20 kg as a bridge to transplant, a bridge to other therapeutic intervention such as surgery, or as a bridge to recovery" by the Food and Drug Administration, these initial results document the biocompatibility and potential of the fourth-generation PediaFlow design to provide chronic pediatric cardiac support.