The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Sep 2015
The enantioselective population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in children using a stereoselective assay suitable for microanalysis.
To describe the effect of age and body size on enantiomer selective pharmacokinetic (PK) of intravenous ketorolac in children using a microanalytical assay. ⋯ Only body weight influenced the PK parameters for R(+) and S(-) ketorolac. Using allometric size scaling significantly affected the clearances (CL, Q) and volumes of distribution (V1 , V2 ).
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Aug 2015
ReviewRivaroxaban for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease.
A number of direct oral anticoagulants are now available and offer alternative strategies for anticoagulation therapy. Rivaroxaban, a direct oral Factor Xa inhibitor, is approved for use across several thromboembolic indications. This article aims to provide an overview of the key pharmacological characteristics of rivaroxaban and the rationale and evidence for the use of different dose regimens across its licenced indications, and offer practical guidance to healthcare professionals on responsible use. References were sourced via PubMed searches using the search string (rivaroxaban AND (pharmacokinetics OR pharmacodynamics OR (clinical studies) OR (drug interaction)) NOT review NOT (children OR pediatrics OR paediatrics OR adolescent)). ⋯ Rivaroxaban may offer an anticoagulant option that could simplify and improve the management of patients with thromboembolic disorders.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · May 2015
Pterostilbene mediates neuroprotection against oxidative toxicity via oestrogen receptor α signalling pathways.
Accumulating evidence indicated protective role of phytoestrogens against neuronal damage induced by various insults, such as amyloid beta, oxygen deprivation and mitochondrial toxins. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) influences the mitochondrial membrane potential, which eventually results in cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of a phytoestrogen, pterostilbene (PTER), in cell apoptosis induced by H2 O2 in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. We also analysed the involvement of oestrogen receptors, oestrogen receptor-α and -β (ER-α and ER-β) in the protective role of PTER. ⋯ Our study thus demonstrates that PTER is an effective neuroprotective agent presumably through ER-α-mediated signalling pathways.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Nov 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomized, controlled, clinical pilot study assessing the analgesic effect of morphine applied topically onto split-thickness skin wounds.
To assess the effect of an opioid administered topically onto a standardized skin wound in patients without significant comorbidity. Findings to date are contradictory, often obtained from multimorbid patients with wounds lacking uniformity. ⋯ Patients treated with topically applied morphine gel onto standardized skin wounds did not report lower pain scores compared with placebo-treated patients. Larger groups would be required to arrive at definitive conclusions. The split-thickness skin graft model can be used for future research.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Sep 2014
Protective effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí) extract on programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy.
This study examined the effect of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) on cardiovascular and renal alterations in adult offspring, whose mothers were fed a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy. ⋯ Treatment of protein-restricted dams with ASE provides protection from later-life hypertension, oxidative stress, renal functional and structural changes, probably through a vasodilator and antioxidant activity.