Aust Fam Physician
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Ankle sprains are common injuries. They are often associated with residual disability with the ankle tending to give way on uneven ground (functional instability). Good management and rehabilitation require accurate diagnosis of the nature and extent of the injury, attention to the physical treatment and follow up with ankle strengthening and proprioceptive exercises to minimise the risk of functional instability.
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Of the many causes of acute chest pain, it is important to delineate the life threatening causes, such as myocardial infarction, dissecting aneurysm and pulmonary embolism. It is important to consider the cause as 'myocardial infarction until proved otherwise'. Common causes in general practice are musculoskeletal disorders and functional problems. A diagnostic strategy is outlined.
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Our superb coastline attracts local tourists and overseas visitors seeking recreation. There is increasing contact with marine life. The unwary and unprepared holiday-maker can be at risk of serious injury from a number of common sea creatures.
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The painful ear is caused commonly by otitis media, otitis externa and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Difficulty in visualising the tympanic membrane due to debris in the ear canal can make diagnosis difficult, especially when otitis externa and otitis media co-exist. Another problem is determining the origin of referred pain. Due to the complex innervation of the ear, referred pain can arise from most sites in the head and neck, especially the upper cervical spine, the teeth and the throat.