The Journal of urology
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Torsion of the testis is a common urological emergency. Blunt scrotal trauma also may precipitate an emergency. ⋯ A retrospective review of the charts of 138 patients explored for acute scrotal pain at our hospital revealed a history of scrotal trauma in 3 of 57 patients (5 per cent) with testicular torsion and 7 of 73 (10 per cent) with torsion of the testicular appendages. The possibility of torsion must be considered in cases of scrotal trauma.
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The Journal of urology · Oct 1984
Urodynamic findings and long-term outcome management of patients with multiple sclerosis-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction.
We studied urodynamically 46 patients between 20 and 74 years old with multiple sclerosis and uncomfortable bladder symptoms. The response to treatment was recorded during a followup of 1 to 10 years (mean 3 1/2 years). Lack of response to appropriate therapy predicated on urodynamic testing appeared to be related to progression of multiple sclerosis.
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The Journal of urology · Jul 1984
Comparative StudyDipstick chemical urinalysis: an accurate cost-effective screening test.
In a double-blind prospective study of 200 sequential urine specimens the sediment count of leukocytes in the centrifuged urine (white blood cells per high power field) was compared to a chamber count of leukocytes in uncentrifuged urine (white blood cells per microliter.). There was good correlation (coefficient of correlation 0.783, sensitivity 91.9 per cent, specificity 97.6 per cent and efficiency 96.6 per cent) between the more precise chamber count and the more commonly performed sediment count if the methodology of the sediment count was standardized. In a double-blind prospective study the results of the sediment count for leukocytes and erythrocytes were compared to the leukocyte esterase and hemoglobin dipstick results of urine specimens from 1,346 adults who underwent multiphasic screening. ⋯ Among patients who had significant pyuria, hematuria or formed elements not detectable by dipstick chemical urinalysis, no significant pathological condition was detected upon retrospective review. Because the chemical dipstick is not quantitative and because the sensitivity of the dipsticks resulted in many false positive findings compared to the sediment count (red and white blood cells 16.4 and 13.2 per cent, respectively) a protocol is offered in which results of screening urine specimens that are positive on dipstick culture would be confirmed by a properly performed microscopic urinalysis. This protocol as applied to an adult screening population would be an accurate, cost-effective method of urine testing.
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The Journal of urology · Jun 1984
Alterations of physical and biochemical parameters of the R3327-CP rat prostate adenocarcinoma following hormonal manipulation of the host.
Several physical and biochemical parameters of a rapidly growing, hormonally responsive, poorly differentiated strain of Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma (the CP strain) were monitored for 1 month during growth in control and hormonally manipulated male Fischer X Copenhagen rats. The tumor was implanted into control rats and into rats 1 month following orchiectomy. Twenty-nine days following tumor implantation, 1 group of unoperated rats was orchiectomized while the rats implanted subsequent to orchiectomy were repleted with pharmacological doses of testosterone. ⋯ Tumors grown in rats orchiectomized after implantation had the lowest percentage of androgen receptor in the nucleus while orchiectomized rats repleted with testosterone had the highest percentage. Comparison of the levels of androgen receptors in the tumors from the various groups (androgen receptor per gram of tissue) unexpectedly revealed that tumors grown in the orchiectomized rats had slightly higher total receptor levels than did control tumors, while the tumors of orchiectomized rats repleted with testosterone had lower amounts than did the control tumors. In contrast to these findings, the prostates of orchiectomized rats replenished with testosterone had higher levels of total androgen receptor than did the prostates of control rats.
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The Journal of urology · Jan 1984
Case ReportsDetrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia in men with multiple sclerosis: an ominous urologic condition.
A total of 27 men with multiple sclerosis underwent urodynamic evaluation as part of a prospective study of voiding dysfunction. Of 18 patients with detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia 9 suffered serious urologic complications, including repeated episodes of urosepsis, vesicoureteral reflux and urolithiasis. ⋯ Although no treatment was without complications it appears that either anticholinergics plus intermittent self-catheterization or condom catheter drainage is superior to an indwelling catheter for initial conservative treatment. External sphincterotomy or urinary diversion may be necessary if conservative therapy fails.