Plos One
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Comparative Study
Influence of femoral broach shape on stem alignment using anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty: A radiologic comparative study of 3 different stems.
Malalignment of the femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can detrimentally affect outcome. Poor preparation of the femur intraoperatively is an important cause of stem malalignment. ⋯ A femoral broach with a prominent lateral shoulder when performing a THA via direct anterior approach will increase the risk of varus femoral stem alignment compared to a less laterally prominent broach.
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Most glycomics studies have focused on understanding disease mechanisms and proposing serum markers for various diseases, yet the influence of ethnic variation on the identified glyco-biomarker remains poorly addressed. This study aimed to investigate the inter-ethnic serum N-glycan variation among US origin control, Japanese, Indian, and Ethiopian healthy volunteers. ⋯ The study revealed ethnic-specific differences in healthy human serum N-glycome with highest abundance of most glycoforms in the Ethiopian ethnicity. The results strongly emphasized the need to consider ethnicity matching for accurate glyco-biomarker identification. Further large-scale study employing various ethnic compositions is needed to verify the current result.
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Evidence for association between sickle cell and alpha thalassemia trait and severe malaria is compelling. However, for these polymorphisms associations with uncomplicated malaria, and for G6PD deficiency associations with uncomplicated and severe malaria, findings have been inconsistent. We studied samples from a three-arm case-control study with the objective of determining associations between common host erythrocyte polymorphisms and both uncomplicated and severe malaria, including different severe malaria phenotypes. ⋯ Associations were complex, with HbAS principally protective against severe anemia, _α/αα against altered consciousness, and negative epistasis between the two polymorphisms.
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Opioid induced respiratory depression is a known cause of preventable death in hospitals. Medications with sedative properties additionally potentiate opioid-induced respiratory and sedative effects, thereby elevating the risk for adverse events. The goal of this study was to determine what specific factors increase the risk of in-hospital cardiopulmonary and respiratory arrest (CPRA) in medical and surgical patients on opioid and sedative therapy. ⋯ Opioids and sedatives are independent and additive predictors of CPRA in both medical and surgical patients. Receiving both classes of medications further exacerbates the risk of CPRA for these patients. By identifying groups at risk among medical and surgical in-hospital patients, this study provides a step towards improving our understanding of how to use opioid and sedative medications safely, which may influence our treatment strategies and outcomes. More precise monitoring of selected high-risk patients may help prevent catastrophic cardiorespiratory complications from these medications. As a retrospective administrative database analysis, this study does not establish the causality or the temporality of the events but rather draws statistically significant associations between the clinical factors and outcomes.
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Maternal immunization is an effective strategy to protect pregnant women and their infants from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the recommendation of maternal influenza and more recently pertussis immunization in Australia, uptake of these vaccines has been suboptimal. A midwife delivered immunization program for pregnant women at the Women's and Children's Hospital in South Australia commenced in April 2015. Monitoring the uptake of the current funded vaccine programs for pregnant women is limited. The study aimed to estimate maternal vaccine uptake and assess factors associated with influenza and pertussis vaccine uptake among pregnant women. ⋯ High uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy can be attained with health care provider recommendation and inclusion of maternal immunization as part of standard antenatal care. A midwife delivered maternal immunization program is a promising approach to improve maternal vaccine uptake by pregnant women.