Pediatrics
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Multicenter Study
Parental stress and parent-rated child behavior in relation to otitis media in the first three years of life.
As part of a long-term study of possible effects of early-life otitis media on speech, language, cognitive, and psychosocial development, we tested relationships between parents' ratings of parent-child stress at ages 1, 2, and 3 years, and of their children's behavior problems at ages 2 and 3 years, and the children's cumulative duration of middle-ear effusion (MEE) in their first 3 years of life. ⋯ Parent-child stress and children's behavior problems in the first 3 years of life, as rated by parents, bear little or no relationship to the children's previous cumulative duration of MEE.
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To identify risk factors for chronic lung disease (CLD) in a population-based cohort of very low birth weight infants, born in an era of surfactant usage. We specifically investigated the effects of antenatal steroids, nosocomial infection, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), fluid management, and ventilator support strategies. ⋯ This analysis suggests that with widespread use of surfactant, nosocomial infection, PDA, and water balance persist as risk factors for CLD.
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Clinical Trial
Evaluation of the effects of oxandrolone on malnourished HIV-positive pediatric patients.
To determine the safety and efficacy of anabolic therapy to prevent or reverse wasting and malnutrition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients. The anabolic steroid, oxandrolone, was evaluated because of its safe and effective use in other pediatric conditions. ⋯ Treatment with oxandrolone for 3 months in HIV-infected children was well-tolerated, safe, and associated with markers of anabolism. The latter effect was maintained partially for 3 months after discontinuation of a 3-month course of therapy. Additional studies are needed to assess the potential benefits and risks of a longer course of therapy or a higher dose of oxandrolone in HIV-infected children.
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Comparative Study
Gender differences in risk behaviors among adolescents who experience date fighting.
Although dating violence frequently begins during adolescence, few studies have focused on date fighting in middle and high school students. Fewer studies have studied gender differences in date violence. This study examines whether gender-specific patterns of risk behaviors exist among adolescents who report date fighting. ⋯ The patterns of risk behaviors differed among male and female adolescents reporting dating violence. Females who reported date fighting were more likely than were nonfighters to have attempted suicide, to engage in sexual and human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors (use of injectable drugs), to have been pregnant, experienced forced sex, and to have ridden in a car with a drinking driver. Sexual behaviors, including same-gender sexual partners, forced sex, and having been threatened with physical violence, were associated with date fighting among males. These findings are important in screening adolescents at risk for date violence.date fighting, adolescence, risk behaviors, gender.