Pediatrics
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The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of emergency medicine physicians who had prescribed emergency contraception pills to adolescents, to identify potential barriers to emergency contraception pill prescription for adolescents, and to assess physician knowledge of emergency contraception pills. ⋯ Although a large proportion of emergency department physicians reported prescribing emergency contraception pills to adolescents, the pills were prescribed infrequently. Factors associated with nonprescription were decreased knowledge of emergency contraception pills and identifying >5 barriers. Identification of these potential barriers and education regarding emergency contraception pills may ultimately improve adolescent access to emergency contraception pills in the emergency department.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in pediatric subjects 12 to 17 years of age.
Currently, no drugs are Food and Drug Administration-approved for migraine prophylaxis in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in adolescents. ⋯ The 100 mg/day topiramate group demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of migraine in pediatric subjects. Overall, topiramate treatment was safe and well tolerated.
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Comparative Study
Performance of commercial blood tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents.
The accurate diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection reduces the risk of progression to severe disseminated disease. However, in young children, a major limitation of the standard tuberculin skin test is that false-negative results cannot be detected. The new interferon-gamma release assays QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis Carnegie Victoria, Australia), QuantiFERON-TB In-Tube (Cellestis), and T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, United Kingdom) show promise of greater accuracy, but they may also be affected by impaired cellular immunity, resulting in indeterminate results (ie, insufficient response in positive-control wells). ⋯ Different blood tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children seem to perform differently, because both QuantiFERON-TB tests were more likely than T-SPOT.TB to give indeterminate results in children <4 years of age.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pediatric primary care to help prevent child maltreatment: the Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) Model.
Effective strategies for preventing child maltreatment are needed. Few primary care-based programs have been developed, and most have not been well evaluated. ⋯ The Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model of pediatric primary care seems promising as a practical strategy for helping prevent child maltreatment. Replication and additional evaluation of the model are recommended.
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The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of developmental and behavioral disorders in a convenience sample of children in an acute care pediatric hospital setting. We hypothesized that hospitalized children would have a higher prevalence of developmental and behavioral disorders than the general population. ⋯ Hospitalization for treatment of acute conditions provides another opportunity for developmental surveillance. This higher prevalence of developmental and behavioral disorders in hospitalized children emphasizes the need to screen for developmental disabilities at every opportunity. Strategies to implement systematic screening of hospitalized children should be examined.