Pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Effect of hypothermia on amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram in infants with asphyxia.
Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) at <6 hours is the best single outcome predictor in term infants with perinatal asphyxia at normothermia. Hypothermia has been used to treat those infants and proved to improve their outcome. The objectives of this study were to compare the predictive value of aEEG at <6 hours on outcomes in normothermia- and hypothermia-treated infants and to investigate the best outcome predictor (time to normal trace or sleep-wake cycling [SWC]) in normothermia- and hypothermia-treated infants. ⋯ Early aEEG patterns can be used to predict outcome for infants treated with normothermia but not hypothermia. Infants with good outcome had normalized background pattern by 24 hours when treated with normothermia and by 48 hours when treated with hypothermia.
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Comparative Study
Incidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage in children after uncomplicated minor head injuries.
This study sought to determine the incidence of delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in the general population and the proportion of children who presented to emergency departments (EDs) with uncomplicated minor head injuries who received delayed diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage. ⋯ The occurrence of delayed diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage among children who present with uncomplicated minor head injuries is rare.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Blood sampling through peripheral venous catheters is reliable for selected basic analytes in children.
The goal was to determine the interchangeability of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) and venipuncture blood sampling (BS). ⋯ PVC sampling was shown to be a pain-reducing method that can be used for children for selected basic analytes. The findings for glucose were unreliable.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of cooling methods used in therapeutic hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia.
The objective of this study was to compare cooling methods during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for moderate or severe perinatal asphyxia with regard to temperature and hemodynamic stability. ⋯ Manually controlled cooling systems are associated with greater variability in Trec compared with servo-controlled systems. A manual mattress often causes initial overcooling. It is unknown whether large variation in temperature adversely affects the neuroprotection of TH.
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Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death in children. In 2006, fatal drowning claimed the lives of approximately 1100 US children younger than 20 years. A number of strategies are available to prevent these tragedies. As educators and advocates, pediatricians can play an important role in the prevention of drowning.