Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Room-air versus oxygen administration for resuscitation of preterm infants: the ROAR study.
We conducted a blinded, prospective, randomized control trial to determine which oxygen-titration strategy was most effective at achieving and maintaining oxygen saturations of 85% to 92% during delivery-room resuscitation. ⋯ Titrating from an initial oxygen concentration of 100% was more effective than giving a static concentration of 100% oxygen in maintaining preterm infants in a target oxygen saturation range. Initiating resuscitation with 21% oxygen resulted in a high treatment-failure rate.
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Comparative Study
Simulation in pediatrics: the reliability and validity of a multiscenario assessment.
The goal of this study was to develop an inventory of simulated scenarios that mimic pediatric crises and determine if the resident scores could be used to establish the reliability and validity of a multiple-scenario assessment. The long-term objective is to provide pediatric residents with experiences in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of a range of simulated acute conditions. ⋯ An inventory of critical events was designed to assess pediatric residents' diagnostic and management skills. A reliable measure of ability could be obtained, provided the residents managed multiple scenarios. The residents outscored the interns, providing evidence to support the construct validity of the scores. Additional validity evidence is needed, including studies to determine if this type of training improves physicians' management of real-life critical events.
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Comparative Study
Development of a screening tool for pediatric sexual assault may reduce emergency-department visits.
To define the characteristics of a novel screening tool used to identify which prepubertal children should potentially receive an initial evaluation for alleged sexual assault in a nonemergent setting. ⋯ This screening tool may be effective for determining which children do not require emergency-department evaluation for alleged sexual assault.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Evidence for catch-up in cognition and receptive vocabulary among adolescents born very preterm.
Very preterm adolescents display persistent deficits in neuropsychological functions. ⋯ Significant catch-up in receptive vocabulary is observed by the age of 16 years among very preterm children compared to term peers. The absence of neurosensory impairment and residing in a favorable socioeconomic milieu are associated with the most optimal developmental trajectories.