Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Resuscitation of preterm neonates with limited versus high oxygen strategy.
To determine whether a limited oxygen strategy (LOX) versus a high oxygen strategy (HOX) during delivery room resuscitation decreases oxidative stress in preterm neonates. ⋯ LOX is feasible and results in less oxygen exposure, lower oxidative stress, and decreased respiratory morbidities and thus is a reasonable alternative for resuscitation of preterm neonates in the delivery room.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Reducing children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home: a randomized trial.
To develop and test an intervention to reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at homes in Yerevan, Armenia. ⋯ Intensive intervention is effective in decreasing children's exposure to SHS through educating mothers and promoting smoking restrictions at home. However, superiority over minimal intervention to decrease children's exposure was not statistically significant.
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Epigenetics, the study of functionally relevant chemical modifications to DNA that do not involve a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence, is at the interface between research and clinical medicine. Research on epigenetic marks, which regulate gene expression independently of the underlying genetic code, has dramatically changed our understanding of the interplay between genes and the environment. ⋯ In addition, epigenetic marks are potentially heritable. In this article, we discuss the underlying concepts of epigenetics and address its current and potential applicability for primary care providers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for vaso-occlusive episodes in sickle cell disease.
Vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) are the most common complication of sickle cell disease in children. Treatment with magnesium seems to improve cellular hydration and may result in reduced vaso-occlusion. This study aimed to determine if intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) reduces length of stay (LOS) in hospital, pain scores, and cumulative analgesia when compared with placebo. ⋯ IV MgSO4 was well tolerated but had no effect on the LOS in hospital, pain scores, or cumulative analgesia use in admitted children with a VOE.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Changes in children's sleep duration on food intake, weight, and leptin.
To examine the effect of experimental changes in children's sleep duration on self-reported food intake, food reinforcement, appetite-regulating hormones, and measured weight. ⋯ Compared with decreased sleep, increased sleep duration in school-age children resulted in lower reported food intake, lower fasting leptin levels, and lower weight. The potential role of sleep duration in pediatric obesity prevention and treatment warrants further study.