Pediatrics
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To assess the current status of pediatric residency training on tobacco use and smoke exposure. ⋯ Pediatric residency training programs must do more to prepare residents to address tobacco use and smoke exposure. Given the many competing priorities of residency training, there is a need to explore new ways of integrating tobacco control into the 3-year curriculum.
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Multicenter Study
Erythropoietin for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: safety and pharmacokinetics.
To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of erythropoietin (Epo) given in conjunction with hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We hypothesized that high dose Epo would produce plasma concentrations that are neuroprotective in animal studies (ie, maximum concentration = 6000-10000 U/L; area under the curve = 117000-140000 U*h/L). ⋯ Epo 1000 U/kg per dose intravenously given in conjunction with hypothermia is well tolerated and produces plasma concentrations that are neuroprotective in animals. A large efficacy trial is needed to determine whether Epo add-on therapy further improves outcome in infants undergoing hypothermia for HIE.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight infants between Canada and Japan.
To compare neonatal outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted to NICUs participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network and the Neonatal Research Network of Japan. ⋯ Composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity was significantly lower in Japan than Canada for VLBW infants. However, there were significant differences in various individual outcomes identifying areas for improvement for both networks.
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To compare neuropsychological functions in moderately preterm (32-35 weeks' gestation) and full-term children at the age of 7 years and identify gender differences. ⋯ Moderately preterm birth is associated with lower intelligence and poorer neuropsychological functioning at early school age. No differences in motor skills and verbal memory were found. Using gender-specific norms, our data suggest that moderately preterm boys catch up, whereas moderately preterm girls lag behind their peers on various neuropsychological functions by the age of 7 years.
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We examined California pediatric residents' knowledge, practices, and comfort of providing expedited partner therapy (EPT) for sexually transmitted infections, by postgraduate year of training and presence of an adolescent medicine fellowship. We hypothesized that few residents are aware of EPT, and fewer are comfortable providing it; knowledge, practices, and comfort increase during residency; and presence of an adolescent medicine fellowship increases knowledge, practices, and comfort. ⋯ California pediatric residents have knowledge gaps and discomfort providing EPT, and the presence of adolescent medicine fellowship is associated with increased EPT knowledge, use, and comfort among residents. Our findings demonstrate a need to improve EPT education in pediatric residencies.