Pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief motivational interviewing intervention for peer violence and alcohol use in teens: one-year follow-up.
Emergency department (ED) visits present an opportunity to deliver brief interventions (BIs) to reduce violence and alcohol misuse among urban adolescents at risk for future injury. Previous analyses demonstrated that a BI resulted in reductions in violence and alcohol consequences up to 6 months. This article describes findings examining the efficacy of BIs on peer violence and alcohol misuse at 12 months. ⋯ Evaluation of the SafERteens intervention 1 year after an ED visit provides support for the efficacy of computer-assisted therapist brief intervention for reducing peer violence.
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Unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care units can result in increased mortality, morbidity, and length of stay. We sought to reduce the incidence of these events by reliably measuring occurrences and instituting a series of coordinated interdisciplinary interventions. ⋯ Through accurate tracking, multiple practice changes, and promoting transparency of efforts and data, an interdisciplinary team reduced the number of unplanned extubations in both ICUs. This reduction has been sustained throughout the postintervention monitoring period.
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Standardized evaluation tools have been shown to reduce variability in care. The objective of this study was to develop a clinically oriented evaluation tool for the rapid assessment of the adequacy of supervision of a young child. ⋯ The RASS scale has been shown to be efficient and, in a small sample, to have moderate to substantial interrater agreement. Further development could result in a tool that aids clinicians and researchers in the evaluation of supervision.
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Review Comparative Study
Empirical evaluation of age groups and age-subgroup analyses in pediatric randomized trials and pediatric meta-analyses.
An important step toward improvement of the conduct of pediatric clinical research is the standardization of the ages of children to be included in pediatric trials and the optimal age-subgroups to be analyzed. ⋯ We observed large variability in the age ranges and age-subgroups of children included in recent pediatric trials and meta-analyses. Despite the limited available data, some age-subgroup differences were noted. The rationale for the selection of particular age-subgroups deserves further study.