Pediatrics
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Multicenter Study
Multicenter crossover study of automated control of inspired oxygen in ventilated preterm infants.
To determine the efficacy and safety of automated adjustment of the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) adjustment in maintaining arterial oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) within an intended range for mechanically ventilated preterm infants with frequent episodes of decreased Spo(2). ⋯ In infants with fluctuations in Spo(2), automated Fio(2) adjustment improved maintenance of the intended Spo(2) range led to reduced time with high Spo(2) and more-frequent episodes with Spo(2) between 80% and 86%.
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Multicenter Study
Early-childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes are not improving for infants born at <25 weeks' gestational age.
We compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age of infants born with extremely low birth weight at an estimated gestational age of <25 weeks during 2 periods: 1999-2001 (epoch 1) and 2002-2004 (epoch 2). ⋯ Early-childhood outcomes for infants born at <25 weeks' estimated gestational age were unchanged between the 2 periods.
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After implementation of rotavirus vaccination in 2006, large decreases in rates of severe diarrhea among US children occurred in 2007-2008. We ascertained whether these decreases were sustained in 2008-2009. ⋯ Compared with prevaccine seasons, decreases in diarrhea- and rotavirus-associated hospitalizations seen in 2007-2008 were sustained in 2008-2009 but were somewhat smaller. Given the variability in diarrhea-related hospitalization trends over the 2 postvaccine seasons according to age group and region, continued surveillance is required for full assessment of the impact of rotavirus vaccination.
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Physical activity is thought to decline during childhood, but the extent of the decline is unknown. We made objective measures of 2-year changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior in English children who participated in the Gateshead Millennium Study to explore the nature, timing, and extent of changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior before adolescence. ⋯ We report here new evidence of low and declining levels of physical activity and MVPA and increasing sedentary behavior before adolescence.
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To determine the cost-effectiveness of treatment with caffeine compared with placebo for apnea of prematurity in infants with birth weights less than 1250 g, from birth through 18 to 21 months' corrected age. ⋯ In comparison with placebo, caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity in infants weighing less than 1250 g is economically appealing for infants up to 18 to 21 months' corrected age.