Jpen Parenter Enter
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Infants and children are susceptible to the profound metabolic effects of critical illness. In addition, preexisting malnutrition and obesity have adverse consequences during the intensive care unit stay. Early enteral and parenteral feeding can improve nutrition deficits, but neither has been sufficiently studied to show an effect on clinical outcomes in pediatric critical care. Indirect calorimetry is a useful technique that identifies patients receiving inadequate or excessive nutrition, but this technique is underused.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jul 2008
Use of subjective global assessment and clinical outcomes in critically ill geriatric patients receiving nutrition support.
The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and evaluate the nutrition status and clinical outcome in hospitalized patients aged 65 years and older receiving enteral-parenteral nutrition. This retrospective study was carried out at Başkent University Hospital, Adana, Turkey. A total of 119 patients older than 65 years were recruited. ⋯ The authors observed no difference between well-nourished and malnourished patients with regard to the serum protein values on admission, LOS, and mortality rate. In this study, malnutrition as defined by SGA did not influence the mortality rate of critically ill geriatric patients receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, no factor was found to be a good predictor of survival.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy of parenteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine dipeptide to decrease hospital infections in critically ill surgical patients.
Nosocomial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Clinical benefits of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition may occur in hospitalized surgical patients, but efficacy data in different surgical subgroups are lacking. The objective was to determine whether glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition differentially affects nosocomial infection rates in selected subgroups of SICU patients. ⋯ Glutamine dipeptide-supplemented parenteral nutrition did not alter infection rates following pancreatic necrosis surgery but significantly decreased infections in SICU patients after cardiac, vascular, and colonic surgery.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialErythromycin vs metoclopramide for facilitating gastric emptying and tolerance to intragastric nutrition in critically ill patients.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate erythromycin vs metoclopramide for facilitating gastric emptying and tolerance to intragastric enteral nutrition (EN). ⋯ Both agents facilitate tolerance to intragastric EN, but erythromycin may be more effective than metoclopramide for enhancing gastric motility.
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Jpen Parenter Enter · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialImmunologic properties differ in preterm infants fed olive oil vs soy-based lipid emulsions during parenteral nutrition.
In the first period of life, premature infants need parenteral nutrition. Lipid emulsions (LEs), which are a part of parenteral nutrition, are known as potent immunological modulators and may therefore influence the immune status of parenterally fed infants. The aim of the study was to compare tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of premature infants parenterally fed with 2 LEs: olive oil (OO) and soybean oil (SO). ⋯ SO-based LE may promote an excess of IL-6 production, especially in the T cell-dependent way of PBMC activation (via anti-CD3). OO emulsion seems to be immunologically more neutral than SO emulsion.