Jpen Parenter Enter
-
Jpen Parenter Enter · Jan 2004
Clinical TrialReplacement of long-chain triglyceride with medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride lipid emulsion in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition: effects on essential fatty acid status and plasma vitamin K1 levels.
In long-term parenteral nutrition (LTPN) patients, the use of a 50:50 mixture of medium- and long-chain triglyceride emulsion (MCT/LCT) has been suggested to prevent or correct fatty liver infiltration. However, the use of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion results in a 50% reduction of essential fatty acids and vitamin K1 supply and could induce essential fatty acid and vitamin K1 deficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of a long-term infusion of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion on plasma fatty acid (FA) and vitamin K1 levels on LTPN patients. ⋯ An amount of 2.85 +/- 1.55 g x kg(-1) week(-1) of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion neither induced essential fatty acid deficiency nor improved the fatty acid disturbances usually observed in LTPN patients but did induce a drop in plasma vitamin K1 levels.
-
Jpen Parenter Enter · Nov 2003
Comparative StudySingle dose of glutamine enhances myocardial tissue metabolism, glutathione content, and improves myocardial function after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury causes significant morbidity and mortality. Protection against I/R injury may occur via preservation of tissue metabolism and ATP content, preservation of reduced glutathione, and stimulation of heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis. Supplementation with glutamine (GLN) has been reported to have beneficial effects on all of these protective pathways. Thus, we hypothesized that GLN pretreatment given to the rat in vivo would protect the myocardium against I/R-induced dysfunction. ⋯ These observations demonstrate that remote in vivo administration of GLN before cardiac I/R injury can improve post-I/R cardiac function. This effect may be mediated via improved myocardial metabolism and enhanced reduced glutathione content.
-
Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 2003
Practice Guideline GuidelineCanadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients.
This study was conducted to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support (ie, enteral and parenteral nutrition) in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. ⋯ This guideline is a joint venture of the Canadian Critical Care Society, the Canadian Critical Trials Group, the Canadian Society for Clinical Nutrition, and Dietitians of Canada. The Canadian Critical Care Society and the Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research provided funding for development of this guideline.
-
Jpen Parenter Enter · Sep 2003
Metabolic response of muscle to alanine, glutamine, and valine supplementation during severe illness.
Alanine and glutamine are released from muscle in response to critical illness. Subsequent depletion of glutamine from muscle is proposed as a principal factor in the limitation of muscle protein synthesis in severely ill patients. The objective of this study was to assess the peripheral metabolic response to enteral supplementation of alanine, glutamine, and valine in critically ill patients. ⋯ These results demonstrate that alanine, glutamine, and valine administration fails to significantly affect muscle glutamine availability or muscle protein metabolism. These findings suggest that accelerated muscle catabolism in critically ill patients is not in response to any deficiency in alanine or glutamine availability.